Biology 3592A Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cytogenetics, Polyploid, Turner Syndrome
26 Sep 2016
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Cytogenetics is the study of the structure and inheritance of chromosomes. Need to grow cells in culture before you examine via chromosome analysis (most accessible cells are t lymphocytes) Put cells in tissue culture medium and stimulate them to divide. Then use chemicals that inhibit mitotic spindle, cells arrest in metaphase. Treat cells with hypotonic solution to release chromosomes, fix them and spread them on slides. Stain them, there are a few different techniques for this. Good cell cultures: fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid cell lines, bone marrow, fetal cells. Banding pattern on chromosomes is numbered, can identify regions and distinguish between chromosomes. 24 types of chromosomes found in human genome, can be identified with different stains. Most common is giemsa banding or g banding. Also tell the differences between them based on position of the centromere. Metacentric chromosomes: central centromere, arms of equal length. Submetacentric chromosomes: off-centre centromere, arms of different lengths.
