Biology 1001A Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Stabilizing Selection, Genetic Drift
14 Dec 2015
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Factors causing population of humpback whales to decline: Bottleneck when population regrows from small population. Mitochondrial dna (mtdna) small, easily extracted, and easily analysed. Variability in mtdna comes from chance mutations that occur at a steady rate. It is haploid, and so the mutation rate is constant. Amount of variability in mtdna = amount present in pop during bottleneck. Mtdna extracted from skin of humpbacks and 463 base pair segment of mtdna that includes most of variable nucleotide positions was created. Microevolution change in frequencies of alleles or heritable phenotypic variants in a pop, over time (ex. evolution of humpback whales) Population all individuals of a single species that live together in the same place and time. 18. 1 variation in natural populations: phenotypic variation. Phenotypic variation differences in appearance or function among individuals of a population (ex. biochemistry, physiology, internal anatomy, behaviour) Caused by genetic diff b/w individuals, diff in environmental factors that individuals experience, or by interaction b/w individual.
