Biology 1201A Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Gregor Mendel, Human Body, Microevolution
30 Dec 2016
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How species change overtime in response to their abiotic and biotic environment. The belief that evolution is progressive or goal oriented is called: orthogenesis. Homologous structures: different structures that seem to be related. Changes that occur over the lifetime of a single organism are not evolutionary. Biography: the study of the world distribution of plants and animals. Comparative morphology: comparing the anatomical structure of organisms. Feet of pigs have two toes that never touch the ground: vestigial structures, functioned in ancestral organisms. Theory of catastrophism: each layer of fossils represented the remains of organisms that had died in a local catastrophe such as a flood. James hutton gradualism : earth changed slowly over its history (contrast with cuvier"s catastrophism) Simple organisms evolve into more complex ones. Two mechanisms fostered evolutionary change: principal of use and disuse. Body parts grow in proportion to how much they are used. Unused structures get weaker and shrink: inheritance of acquired characteristics.
