Biology 1201A Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Phylogenetic Tree, Evolutionary Taxonomy, Carl Linnaeus
4 Aug 2017
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Chapter 20: understanding the history of life on earth. 20. 4 phylogeny: phylogenies show the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, phylogenetic trees formal hypotheses identifying likely relationships among groups of organisms. 20. 4a evaluating systematic characters: homologous characters. Similar in their enviro history but not necessarily their function. Homologous characters emerge form comparable embryonic structures and grow in similar ways during development: analogous characters. Analogous characters are those in diff animals that serve the same function: they are homoplasious phenotypic similarities that evolved independently in different lineages, ancestral and derived characters. Mosaic evolution refers to the reality that in all evolutionary lineages, some characters evolve slowly, while others evolve rapidly: mosaic evolution is pervasive. Every species displays a mixture of ancestral characters (old forms of traits) and derived characters (new forms of traits) Any particular character derived only in relation to what occurs in other organisms.
