Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Triglyceride, Anaerobic Respiration, Headpiece

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marooncicada134

5 Feb 2017

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Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration. Luft syndrome - first disorder to be linked directly to defective cellular organelle. In eukaryotes, mitochondria is the site of key reactions of cellular respiration - energy present in food molecules is extracted and converted into a form usable by the cell. Anabolic reactions: metabolic reaction that requires energy to assemble simple substances into more complex molecules. Cellular respiration: the process by which energy-rich molecules (carbohydrates, fats, proteins are broken down to produce energy in the form of atp - collection of metabolic reactions. Ultimate source of energy-rich carbon compounds is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis - light energy used to extract electrons from water: electrons combine with hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose, major by-product is oxygen. Life and its systems are driven by a cycle of electron flow that is powered by light in photosynthesis and oxidation in cellular respiration.

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

......Use the following to feel out the sentense: cycled, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP

During ____________ , mitochondria break down carbohydrates to produce energy that is used to make ____________ .

This process requires ____________ and carbohydrates, and produces ____________ and water.

During ____________ , chloroplasts use water and ____________ to create carbohydrates.

This process requires ____________ and water, which are byproducts from ____________ .

In turn, it produces ____________ and carbohydrates that are used in ____________ .

In this manner, the flow of energy is ____________ between chloroplasts and mitochondria.

..........use the following to feel out each sentense: from, oxidized, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, gains, to, loses, reduced.

During ____________ , hydrogen atoms are transferred ____________ water ____________ carbon dioxide as glucose forms.

Thus, during ____________ , carbon dioxide is ____________ , while water is ____________ . In other words, carbon dioxide ____________ electrons and water ____________ electrons.

During ____________ , glucose is ____________ as oxygen is ____________ , becoming water.

In each of these reactions, while one molecule loses electrons (is ____________ ), another gains electrons (is ____________ ); thus, each of these metabolic pathways includes redox reactions: coupled reduction and oxidation reactions.

..........use the following to feel out the sentenses: increase, conservation of energy, first of thermodynamics, input, decrease, laws of thermodynamics, secod law of thermodynamics, heat

The ____________ explain energy flow and energy conservation and can be applied to biological systems.

The ____________ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, also known as the law of ____________ .

The ____________ states that energy is lost when it is converted from one form to another, often in the form of ____________ .

As cells go through transformations, they ____________ the total entropy of the universe, resulting in a ____________ in available energy.

For example, photosynthesis in plants requires an energy ____________ to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar because there is a ____________ in entropy.

The Major Metabolic Processes of Eukaryotic Cells

Plants are classified into a unique Kingdom based on the fact that they are able to make their own food. Some of this food is stored for later use but some of it is used immediately for various metabolic processes that require energy in the form of ATP. Considering this, imagine the inside of a plant cell where both anabolic Photosynthesis and catabolic Aerobic Cellular Respiration are occurring. In order for this plant cell to stay alive it must stay in a constant state of disequilibrium. This requires that the product of one reaction does not accumulate but becomes the reactant in the next step. Fill in the following chart that organizes the major events of these metabolic processes keeping in mind how each event leads into the next.

Metabolic Process	Event	Organelle the Event takes place within	Specific Location within Organelle (Event takes place within)	Input (Reactants)	Output (Products)	Enzyme(s) Involved (may be more than 1!)	*Goal of Event* *[product(s) that get produced & why]*
Photosynthesis	Light Reactions
Photosynthesis	Calvin Cycle
Aerobic Respiration	Glycolysis
	Transition Rx
	Krebâs Cycle
	Electron Transport Chain

List the specific type of phosphorylation responsible for ATP synthesis in each of the following Events:

Light Reactions:		Krebâs Cycle:
Glycolysis:		Electron Transport Chain:

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Biology 1202B Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Triglyceride, Anaerobic Respiration, Headpiece

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