Philosophy 2071E Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Communitarianism, Organ Transplantation, The Need
8 Feb 2016
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General rule is to treat patients how you would treat other people. Thomas percival first used medical ethics---he broaded the patient doctor ethical relationship into social ethics of medicine and professional responsibility. First american medical associations code of medical ethics 1849. Revised to principles of medical ethics 1903. Code emphasizes non-maleficence (non-harming) and beneficence (benefiting) 1960s---availablity for dialysis for kidney failure---able to purify blood--- resources scarce = need to allocate ----organ transplant was another example with same issues of demand exceeding supply: this started the fourth principle of justice distributing resources fairly. ?---genetic studies of presymptomatic testing for people with late onset genetic diseases: debate of how genetic info should be used to benefit or harm. Clinical trials deal with the same issue of distribution of risks and benefits and also informed consent whether benefits outweigh burdens. Theories give the framework to critically reflect issues to give reasons for and against positions. Justification: reasons determine actions and policies are obligated.
