Philosophy 2801F/G Chapter Notes -Political Philosophy

34 views2 pages

rubydinosaur559

18 Sep 2012

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Recent emphasis has been on the ideals of justice freedom and community which are invoked when evaluating political institutions and policies. Left and right are distinguished b their views and freedom and justice in the traditionally male dominated spheres of government. Communitarians believe that evaluating political institutions cannot be a matter of judging them against some independent a historical standard. Alongside the older appeal to equality socialism and liberty libertarianism political theories now appeal to the ultimate values of contractual agreement or the common good. One traditional aim of political philosophy was to find coherent and comprehensive rules for deciding between conflicting political values. Political philosophy is drowning in its own success. Dworkins view, every plausible political theory has the same ultimate value, which is equality. Egalitarian theory we means a theory which supports an equal distribution of income. Egalitarian theories require that the government treat its citizens with equal consideration.

Related Questions

How can political philosophy help us to achieve a balance between liberty and equality?

pucemanatee744

Materials fracture when the force per unit area, called STRESS,exceeds a critical value. In general, the critical stress dependson the direction as well as the magnitude of the force. Forexample, bones break differently when subjected to torsional(twisting) stress than when subjected to compressional (orsqueezing) stress. Let us consider compressional stress. Wet humanbone for 20-39 year olds has an ultimate compressive strength of ~16x104Ncm2 [8]. Consider a person who falls from a height to theground. Upon landing, the person's kinetic energy is converted towork. If the person decelerates over a distance h, we can estimatethe average force during the collision by

If a person lands stiff-legged on a hard surface and doesn'tbounce, the deceleration occurs over a very short distance, h ~ 1cm. Since the force is transmitted up the leg, the stress isgreatest where the cross-sectional area is least, i.e., the tibiajust above the ankle [8].
The following lists some different conditions that may occur duringlanding and physical explanations for why they make bone fracturefrom a fall more or less likely [8]:

(a) bounce [more likely. The impulse is twice as large for anelastic collision as for an inelastic collision.]
(b) bent knees [less likely. Bending the knees increases the timeand distance over which deceleration occurs, which reduces theforce.]
(c) landing in loose earth or sand [less likely. This increases hwhich reduces F.]
(d) turning the body to land on the side [less likely. Thisincreases h. It also distributes the force widely over the body(increases A), thereby reducing the stress.]

So, why can a properly executed karate kick break a concrete blockwithout fracturing bones [16]? First, bone is a very strongmaterial. Its ultimate compressive strength is approximately 40times larger than concrete. Second, contact is made with the edgeof the foot. This concentrates the force into a small area of thetarget and reduces the likelihood of bending a bone to the point offracture. Third, the collision with the target is essentiallyinelastic and extends over several milliseconds, so the peak force,though large, does not exceed the strength of the bone. If A(cross-sectional area of the tibia) ~ 3.3 cm2, compute how far a 69kg person can fall and land stiff-legged on both legs withoutbreaking a bone. Assume F is split evenly between two legs. (Hint:F<or =2(theta)A )

Philosophy 2801F/G Chapter Notes -Political Philosophy

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Philosophy 2801F/G Lecture Notes - Political Philosophy, Monism

Philosophy 2801F/G Chapter Notes -Political Philosophy, Monism

Philosophy 2801F/G Lecture Notes - Will Kymlicka, Webct, Political Philosophy

Related Questions