BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter Module 36: Ovulation, Oscar Hertwig, Kinetochore

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2 Jun 2017

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A: any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells have two sets of chromosomes. A: in diploid cells, the two copies of each chromosome containing the same genes, although the alleles may differ. Q: what prevents the chromosome number from doubling when fertilization occurs? (sexual reproduction) A: this doubling is prevented by meiosis, a special type of cell division in reproductive cells. A: meiosis is a two-phase process that divides the chromosomes of a parental cell in half, producing gametes or spores. Meiosis also plays an important role in generating genetic diversity. Proceeded by phases during which the cell grows and dna and proteins are synthesized. A: (1876) zoologist oscar hertwig first described the process of meiosis during his study of sea urchin eggs. A: the observation of two nuclei in one egg - developed due to the integration of substances found within a sperm and an egg.

Related Questions

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Lab Report

Homologous Chromosomes

Give an example of a cell that is diploid and one that ishaploid.

On a pair of homologous chromosomes, one allele for hair colorcodes for brown hair and one codes for red hair. Is this conditionconsidered homozygous or heterozygous?

What does homozygous mean?

Meiosis in Eukaryotes

At the end of meiosis, how does the number of chromosomes ineach cell compare to the parent cell?

draw the beads as they appear at the end of each stage ofmeiosis I and meiosis II.

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis

Where does meiosis occur in human males and females?

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

After fertilization occurs, are the resulting cells diploid orhaploid in chromosome number?

Summary Questions

If a garden pea has 14 chromosomes before meiosis, how manychromosomes would exist in each nucleus after meiosis I? Aftermeiosis II?

Summarize the process of gametogenesis.

Give an example of homologous and heterozygous traits.

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13. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
a. meiosis results in the production of two new cells, whilemitosis results in the production for four new
cells., b. meiosis is used for growth and repair, while mitosis isused for production of eggs and sperm., c.
cytokinesis can be unequal following meiosis, but is approximatelyequal following mitosis., d. meiosis
involves one cell division, while mitosis involves two celldivisions., e. meiosis results in the production of
diploid cells, while mitosis results in the production of haploidcells.
14. Bits of maternal and paternal chromosomes are exchanged betweenhomologous chromosomes during
synapsis of meiosis I. This process is called:
a. crossing over., b. random mating., c. random fertilization., d.random shuffling of parental
chromosomes.,
e. mutation.
15. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproductionis that:
a. all young are genetically identical to the parent., b. malesmust evolve a copulatory organ., c. genetic
variability in the population is increased., d. females must evolvea vagina., e. mates are not needed.
16. Many different types of information are used to constructphylogenetic trees. Which of the following types
of information is the most direct measure of evolutionaryrelatedness?
a. physiology, b. gene sequence data, c. the fossil record, d.information about the structure of ribosomes.,
e. information about the structure of enzymes
17. A species is:
a. a group of individuals that can interbreed under naturalconditions and produce fertile offspring., b.
denoted by both a genus and a species name., c. the onlybiologically defined taxon., d. a group of
organisms with a large number of traits in common., e. all of theabove.
18. The process of spermatogenesis results in:
A. 4 diploid sperm; B. 1 diploid sperm and 3 haploid polar bodies;C. 1 haploid sperm and 3 haploid
polar bodies; D. 4 haploid sperm
19. Which cell division process results in an unequal division ofthe cytoplasm?
A. Spermatogenesis; B. Testiculargenesis; C. Oogenesis; D. None ofthe above
20. Meiosis is the process by which:
A. 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells; B. 1 diploid cellbecomes 1 haploid cell and 3 haploid polar
bodies; C. 1 haploid cell becomes 4 diploid cells; D. Both A andB
21. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator(middle) of the cell is called:
A. Anaphase; B. Telophase; C. Interphase; D. Metaphase
22. Chromosome #6 from Mom and Chromosome #6 from Dad form achromosome pair called:
A. Sister Chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous Chromosomes; D.Spindle Apparatus

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Question 1 (2 points)

In which phase of cell division is marked by the dissolution of the nuclear membrane, the condensation of chromosomes, and the formation of the mitotic spindle?

Question 1 options:

	prophase
	metaphase
	telophase
	anaphase

Question 2 (2 points)

The physical separation of cells during cell division is called:

Question 2 options:

	Cytokinesis
	Telophase
	Interphase
	Chromosome
	Cell plate

Question 3 (2 points)

Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction; the gametes formed during this process before fertilization are _______________.

Question 3 options:

	Haploid
	Diploid
	Zygote
	Homologous
	Tetrads

Question 4 (2 points)

Mitosis is the process by which a ___________ cell separates the chromosomes in its nucleus into two identical sets of nuclei.

Question 4 options:

	eukaryotic
	prokaryotic
	bacterial
	all of these are correct

Question 5 (2 points)

Which of the following statements about crossing over is INCORRECT?

Question 5 options:

	It occurs between homologous chromosomes
	It allows for two parents to produce many different types of offspring
	It contributes to genetic diversity in a population
	It occurs during prophase I of mitosis

BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter Module 36: Ovulation, Oscar Hertwig, Kinetochore

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