BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter Module 85: Hormone Response Element, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Endocrine System
Document Summary
A: a cell responds to a chemical signal that is secreted (amplify or maintain response) the signaling molecule (called a local regulator) acts only a short distance from where it is secreted. A: effects cells close it the signaling cell and mediated by local regulators. (key role in embryonic development- limbs) A: a chemical called a hormone circulates in the blood from the cell that secretes it to target cells. Endocrine cells are the cells that actually secrete the hormone. A: directed by electrical connections between neurons movement of ions through channels called gap junctions allows an electrical signal to be transferred from one neuron to the other. Very fast, used in defense reflexes, but don"t allow for signal amplification. (bidirectional) A: chemicals called neurotransmitters transmit a message between a neuron and another cell (neuron or muscle). Binding triggers a postsynaptic response that activates a transduction cascade that amplifies signals. involved in behavioral responses, learning, and memory. (unidirectional)
