BI236 Chapter 13: Chapter 13.docx
Document Summary
Transduction mechanisms: electrical and synaptic signaling in neurons. Two main types of cells in the nervous system. Neurons: send and receive electrical impulses: sensory neurons: diverse group of cells specialized for the detection of stimuli. Glial cells: encompass a variety of cell types (microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann. Cells, astrocytes: microglia fight infections and remove debris, olgiodendrocytes and schwann cells form the insulating myelin sheath around neurons of the cns and peripheral nerves, astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier. Cytosol within an axon is called axoplasm. Many vertebrate axons are surrounded by a discontinuous myelin sheath: myelin sheath insulates segments of axon separating the nodes of ranvier, a nerve is a tissue composed of bundles of axons. Cells at rest normal have excess negative charge on the inside and positive charge on the outside of the cell, resulting electrical potential is called the resting membrane potential (vm)
