BI111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29.5: Mycorrhiza, Soil Fertility, Root Nodule

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violetraven301

22 Apr 2018

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29. 5: the root; uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. Everything that a vascular plant needs to build and sustain is body enters through its roots. To carry out photosynthesis plants must acquire the raw materials needed to produce the enzymes of the calvin cycle as well as the components in the photosynthetic electron chain. Vascular plants evolved to take water from the soil and they evolved mechanisms for acquiring nutrients as well. Plants obtain essential mineral nutrients from the soil: Plants are made up of three elements; carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Minerals also make up a plant are are elements that come from the soil. Minerals play an important role in metabolic and structural processes despite making up only a small fraction of the plants body. A deficiency in any one of the minerals can result in a plant that grow properly and has a low rate of photosynthesis.

Related Questions

Which of the following was one of the earliest changes thatcontributed to the success of plants transitioning from aquatic toterrestrial ecosystems?
a. The ingestion of photosynthetic bacteria, enabling plants tophotosynthesize
b. The development of vessels to transport water
c. The development of roots to obtain nutrients and water fromsoil
d. Spores or zygotes encased in a tough coat to resist dryingout
e. The development of flowers to attractpollinator

Is it B or D? I would assume D is the seed of a gymnosperm.According to the info below, that came after the evolution ofvessels to transport water.

Please explain your answer

http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/gly3150/plant.html

The oldest fossils reveal evolution of non-vascular plants bythe middle to late Ordovician Period (~450-440 m.y.a.) on the basisof fossil spores.
These first non-vascular, "amphibious" plants, were limitedprimarily to lowland, wet areas, of temperate to tropicallatitudes. Still most land areas were barren.
By some 420 m.y.a., seedless vascular plants evolved which werebigger and more diverse than their ancestors. These seedlessvascular plants required water for sperm to reach the eggs and werestill limited in their distribution to wet climates. These seedlessplants grew to tree size, reaching 10 or more meters by the lateDevonian (~370 m.y.a.). Lowland swampy environments had abundantseedless plants.
After the 1st land plants evolved (approximately 450 m.y.a.)they underwent rapid expansion and radiation with great forests byMiddle DevonianPeriod. (385 m.y.a.). Although these forests were limited in theirextent, vast quantities of organic material were deposited andpreserved in swampy environments. Through time and burial, thisorganic material was converted to coal, forming the firstsignificant coal deposits of Earth history.
At a similar time (late Devonian, ~375-360 m.y.a.), seedbearing gymnosperm plants (non-flowering) evolved. The developmentof the seed allowed plants to proliferate and spread to drier areasof continents. Gymnosperms became the dominant plant type between~290 to 145 m.y.a. and are still common today.
During the final days of the dinosaurs (Cretaceous), the finalchapter of plant evolution began. This was the evolution offlowering plants (angiosperms). During the Cretaceous Period,angiosperms began overcoming non-flowering plants as the dominantland plants. Since this time they have become the dominant landplants.

scarletgoldfish67

Most familiar types of mushrooms, along with puffballs and shelf fungi, are found in the Phylum ___________.

The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to Fungi (and Bacteria).

True

False

A Mushroom is the vegetative reproductive Structure of Fungi in the Phylum _____.

Taxonomists classify Fungi based upon their Sexual Reproductive Structures.

True

False

Fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the root system of vascular plants are known as ______________.

A Puffball is a type of fungus found in the Phylum __________.

Which Phylum is made up exclusively of Fungi that form symbioses with plant roots?

__________ is used by companies to make bread rise and to produce alcohol.

Fungi

and green plants have cells that are surrounded by a cell wall made of cellulose.

differ from members of the animal kingdom because fungi are autotrophic.

grayhamster49

Mycorrhizal associations with plants:

	A.	are beneficial because they increase the availability of limiting nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.
	B.	are harmful associations formed between plant leaves and bacteria.
	C.	are harmful because the fungi act as parasites that steal nutrients and give nothing in return.
		D. are beneficial because they allow for photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria to live inside a fungal host and provide food to them. Which of the following best describes the cells that make up the mushroom on your favorite mushroom pizza? A. yeast B. haploid C. dikaryotic D. karyogamous Which of the following is NOT a significant finding from studying fossils from the Cambrian explosion? A. Examples of all extant phyla are represented. B. Diversity of animal forms reveal possibly failed experiments in evolution. C. Tetrapods evolved during the Cambrian period. D. Organisms with distinct eyes and heads are represented for the first time in the fossil record. You are a skeptical scientist who is not convinced the phylogeny of animals is accurate. You wish to reconstruct the animal phylogeny using molecular sequence data. Which of the following genes would be the best choice? A. genes involved in flagella development B. genes for collagen C. genes for mitochondrial cytochromes D. genes for jaw development

BI111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 29.5: Mycorrhiza, Soil Fertility, Root Nodule

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