EC120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2-3: Opportunity Cost

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22 Sep 2016

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Scarcity: society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. Economics: the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Opportunity cost: whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Positive statements: claims that attempt to describe the world as it is. Normative statements: claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be ex. ] Saturday, september 17, 2016: owners also get pro t and they are also members of households. Example of cars vs. computers: at extremes when the economy only produces one good, 1000 computers (looking at x-axis, 3000 computers (y-axis, more likely the economy will choose to divide its resources and produce both, ex. ] Saturday, september 17, 2016: the ppf are linear rather than bowed out because the technology for producing both the meat and potatoes can switch between either at a constant rate. *calculated by dividing the amount (kg) by time (hr)

Related Questions

In economics, scarcity means that:

a. we do not have sufficient resources to produce all the goods and services we want.

b. the wants of people are limited.

c. there must be poor people in rich countries.

d. shortages exist in nearly all markets.

mauvemule811

1. __________, a term referring to the fact that for many good, as the level of production increases, the average cost of producing each individual unit declines.
a. Economies of scale
b. Specialization
c. Division of labor
d. Skill
2. Which of the following best characterizes the circular flow of income?
a. Household buy factors of production from business, and business buy goods and services from household
b. Business buy resources from the government, and household buy goods and services from business.
c. Businesses buy resources from households, and household use their income from the sale of resources to buy goods and services from businesses
d. The government purchases resources from businesses and households and then sells goods and services to businesses and households.
3. Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and _____________ which describe how the world should be.
a. Opportunity cost
b. Trade-off
c. Normative statement
d. Budget constraint

4. Scarcity implies that:
a. It is impossible to completely fulfill the unlimited human desire for goods and services with the limited resources available
b. Consumers are too poor to afford the goods and services available
c. At the current market price, consumers are willing to purchase more of a good than suppliers are willing to produce.
d. Consumers would be willing to purchase the same quantity of a good at a higher price.
5. The opportunity cost of an action.
a. Can be determined by considering both the benefits that flow from as well as the monetary costs incurred as a result of the action.
b. Can be determined by adding up the bills incurring as a result of the action
c. Can be objectively determined only by economist
d. Is a subjective valuation that can be determined only by the individual who chooses the action.
6.

ochreleopard420

When demand for a good is very elastic, revenue ________ when the price falls.

(2)

An elasticity measure less than one means that demand is __________.

(3)

An elasticity measure greater than one means that demand is __________.

(4)

The Latin expression ceteris paribus means

	having made all other necessary changes.
	holding constant all other variables.
	assuming all households have similar incomes.
	given the level of income in the economy.

(5)

A variable measured in terms of money is called a ____________________.

	real variable
	nominal variable
	macroeconomic variable
	microeconomic variable

(6)

Which of the following is true about the importance of money in economics?

	Money is important in both macroeconomics and microeconomics.
	Money is important in macroeconomics but not microeconomics.
	Money is important in microeconomics but not macroeconomics.
	Money is not important in either microeconomics or macroeconomics.

(7)

What is the difference between normative and positive economics?

	Positive economics is descriptive and predictive; normative economics is prescriptive.
	Positive economics highlights the positive aspects of the economy; normative economics highlights the average features.
	Positive economics studies the actions of individuals; normative economics studies the actions of households.
	Positive economics is an applied social science; normative economics is a theoretical social science.

(8)

The slope of the demand curve is negative because

	the quantity of a good demanded decreases as income declines.
	the quantity of a good demanded increases as income declines.
	the quantity of a good demanded increases as the price declines.
	the quantity of a good demanded decreases as the price declines.

(9)

What is the result of an increase in the price of bread, a normal good?

	The demand curve shifts to the right.
	The demand curve shifts to the left.
	The quantity demanded increases.
	The quantity demanded decreases.

(10)

What is the effect on demand for bread when the price of bagels, a substitute for bread, rises?

	The demand curve for bread shifts to the right.
	The demand curve for bread shifts to the left.
	The quantity of bread demanded increases.
	The quantity of bread demanded decreases.

(11)

Which of the following would cause the supply curve for bread to shift inward?

	An increase in the price of bread
	An increase in the price of bagels
	A decrease in the price of bread
	An increase in the price of flour

(12)

An improvement in technology shifts the supply curve outward because

	at every price, firms find producing the good to be more profitable.
	the price of the good increases.
	at every price, firms find producing the good to be less profitable.
	the price of the good decreases.

(13)

Which of the following factors does not affect how much bread a baker is willing to produce?

	The price of bread
	The demand for bread
	The cost of inputs
	Technology

(14)

How do expectations of prices affect how much of a good producers are willing to sell?

	Expectations of prices affect only demand, not supply.
	Actual prices, not expectations of prices, affect supply.
	If producers expect prices to fall in the future, they supply less at every price.
	If producers expect prices to rise in the future, they supply less at every price.

(15)

When the price of a good is above equilibrium level,

	the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied.
	the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.
	the supply curve shifts to the left.
	the supply curve shifts to the right.

(16)

At a price of P₀ in the diagram below, which of the following statements is true?

	Supply equals demand.
	There is excess demand.
	There is excess supply.
	There is scarcity.

(17)

If demand for bread increases at every price, the equilibrium price of bread will

	fall.
	rise.
	remain unchanged.
	depend on income.

(18)

If the demand for bread declines, then

	at the original equilibrium price, there is excess demand.
	at the original equilibrium price, there is excess supply.
	the supply curve shifts to the right.
	the supply curve shifts to the left.

(19)

Peanut butter and jelly are complementary goods. When the price of peanut butter rises, the demand for jelly ________ and the price of jelly ________.

	rises; falls
	rises; rises
	falls; rises
	falls; falls

(20)

The measure of elasticity that economists use is

	always a positive number.
	always a negative number.
	positive when demand is elastic and negative when demand is inelastic.
	negative when demand is elastic and positive when demand is inelastic.

(21)

Which of the following formulas is the correct expression for the slope of a line?

(22)

Graphically how would an increase in income affect the demand for hamburgers?

	The slope of the demand curve would increase.
	The slope of the demand curve would decrease.
	The demand curve would shift outward, parallel to the original demand curve.
	The demand curve would shift inward, parallel to the original demand curve.

(23)

Given the equation P = $6.00 ? $.40Q, where P is the price of the good and Q is the quantity of the good demanded, how many units will this consumer demand if the price is $3.60?

	1.44 units
	3 units
	3.6 units
	6 units

(24)

Which of the following is true about unit elasticity?

	Revenues remain unchanged when the price changes.
	Elasticity of demand increases as one moves down the demand curve.
	Elasticity of demand decreases as one moves down the demand curve.
	The elasticity of demand is greater than one at every point along the demand curve.

(25)

Which of the following could be a determinant of the quantity demanded of a good?

	The price of the good
	The price of related goods
	Income
	Expectations about the future price of the product
	All of the above

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EC120 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2-3: Opportunity Cost

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