BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Plants And Animals, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Chemiosmosis

• School: York University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 1000
• Professor: Nicole Nivillac

Document Summary

Sequence of 10 enzymes catalyzed rxn that lead to oxidation of 6-carbond glucose, to produce 2 molecules of 3-carbond pyruvate. Glycolysis is universal & ancient metabolic process: found in all domains- archaea, bacteria & eukaryotes, does(cid:374)"t depe(cid:374)ds o(cid:374) p(cid:396)ese(cid:374)(cid:272)e of o(cid:454)(cid:455)ge(cid:374), (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h (cid:271)e(cid:272)a(cid:373)e p(cid:396)ese(cid:374)t 2. 5 billion years ago, o(cid:272)(cid:272)u(cid:396)s i(cid:374) (cid:272)(cid:455)tosol of all (cid:272)ells usi(cid:374)g solu(cid:271)le e(cid:374)z(cid:455)(cid:373)es. 3 major concepts: energy investment & payoff, 2 distinct phases: initial 5-step is energy requiring phase, final-five is energy releasing phase. Initially, 2 molecules of atp are consumed as glucose & fructose 6-phosphate become phosphorylated: 4 atp & 2 nadh molecules are produced in energy-releasing steps, no carbon is lost, converts 6-carbond glucose to 2 molecules of 3-carbond pyruvate. Since glucose is oxidized, potential energy in pyruvates is less of glucose: atp is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation, mode of atp synthesis involves transfer of phosphate group from high-energy substrate molecule to adp, producing atp.