BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Genetic Recombination, Nuclear Membrane, Dna Replication

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15 Dec 2013
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Two dna molecules that differ from each other. A mechanism for bringing the dna molecules together. Collection of enzymes to cut and exchange dna back together. Sugar-phosphate backbone is held together by covalent bones. Sexual reproduction: production of offspring though union of male and female gametes. In females, the 4 nucelei produced , only one of them is actually usable. Haved chromosome number, and recombined chromosomal dna sequence. One comes from maternal, one from paternal. Each pair of homologous pairs line up side by side in synapse. While being paired the chromatids of the chromosome undergo recombination by exchanging segments. Spindle microtubules align tetrads in metaphase plate. Two chromosome of each homologous pair move to opposite ends towards poles. Each pole has a haploid set of chromosomes now. Nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindles attach again. Spindle microtubules align chromosomes on metaphase plate. Spindle microtubules separate chromatids od each chromosome. Nondisjunction, spindles fail to separate homologous chromosomes of tetrad.

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