BIOL 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Flowering Plant, Telomere, Senescence

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The increasing size, developmental complexity and diversity of functioning multicellular eukaryotes require strict control of cell division. Cell division is responsible for growth and replacement of cells due to wear and tear, and in order for this to occur, the cell cycle has to be happen. Cell cycle: a period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis. Mitosis: the division of replicated dna in an equal and precise manner; usually for somatic (body) cells. Meiosis: the division of gametes (sex cells) such that the daughter nuclei only have half the number of chromosomes of the parental nuclei that began the process. For example in humans, they only have 23, so when sex cells from both the male and female combine, it yields 46 chromosomes. Most eukaryotes have two copies of each type of chromosome in their nuclei, and their chromosome complement is said to be diploid, or 2n.

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