HREQ 1800 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cn Tower

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burgundyjackal186

5 Jun 2017

School

York University

Department

Human Rights and Equity Studies

Course

HREQ 1800

Professor

Livy A Visano

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Document Summary

Education is to prepare use to be citizens in real life after school. Student is the subject: in school we are constantly told that the dominant person is the one that is right. The cycle of violence from a very young age needs to be replaced by a circle of connection so we"re all connected. Education for many it is seen as an investment. With a degree, you earn 20% more than those without a degree. People who are poor can"t get the education that they need: resulting in them not getting the education to help them succeed in life. The dominant (rich) culture takes over those who are not as educated or not educated at all due to whatever reason. When we are taught about history in school, we are mostly taught of the white men that have made a difference in our country.

Related Questions

. Vouchers to Pay Private School
Tuition
Two conditions that justify government intervention in a market are the presence of external benefits and equity concerns. Both of these issues are present in the case of primary and secondary education in the United States. Think about what education without government education would look like. In the absence of government intervention, all primary and secondary education in the US would be private. Public school districts would not exist. Parents would need to pay private firms (schools) to educate their children.

External benefits

If all education were private, itâs likely that people would buy too little education, from societyâs point of view. External benefits are one reason. When a child is educated, he or she benefits and we expect his or her parents to take those benefits into account when they purchase education. But there are additional benefits to society which parents may ignore. As people become more educated, they are less likely to be unemployed or be criminals and are more likely to volunteer and vote. The presence of these external benefits is an example in support for the government getting involved in education.

Equity

Many families in the United States have low incomes. Among all children in first through twelfth grades in 2001, 46% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Since the cost of private education would be an important share of these familiesâ incomes, most Americans would be concerned about the fairness of relying on markets to decide how much education children receive. Current spending by these families on private education provides some support for this concern. Of all children in private school in 2001, only 25% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Therefore, equity concerns are another example in support for government getting involved in education.

Providing vs. producing education

Most economists think external benefits and equity concerns justify government intervention in education. But it is important to distinguish between government production of education and other forms of government intervention. At the level of elementary and secondary education, K- 12 education, government intervention today mostly means production of education by local school districts. To benefit, children must attend public schools. But this is not the only form intervention could take.
There are other markets where government intervention takes the form of subsidizing peopleâs access to productsâthink of financial aid to college students, for example. Many people in the US think that government should move from producing education to subsidizing access.

One form that subsidy could take is government providing vouchers to parents. Parents would use the voucher to help pay for their childâs education in a private school. After it receives the voucher, the school would turn it in and be paid by a local or state government.

Today there is a lively debate between people who think K-12 education should be delivered publicly and people who think quality and efficiency would be higher if government provided vouchers and the education was delivered by private schools. Some of these quality and efficiency arguments can be based on material we covered this week. Price competition between private schools will pressure each one to produce efficiently. Competition for students will lead private schools to offer programs of interest to parents and their children.

Answer the questions below and make use of the sources supplied. Be sure to cite you sources in your answers.

1. Explain whether a potential exit by students with vouchers will lead to the improvement of public schools. 2. Discuss whether the implementation of vouchers will lead the best students to leave public school, which could lead to a decline in education for the students left behind in the public schools. 3. Consider what might happen to the students who use vouchers to leave public schools in order to attend private schools. How might their academic performance change as a result of switching? 4. Finally, think about the impact of a voucher system on the students in an urban setting. Describe whether all families would have an equal opportunity to access education.

Your final product will be a paper that: ? Addresses each of the four questions above in total. ? Is APA formatted. ? The body is to be 2 pages minimum.

The requirements for your assignment are: 1. Answer each question fully 2. Define the overall subject of each question. 3. Cite at least three (3) resources from this weekâs materials.

1. Life expectancies differ across populations. Life expectancy at birth in the U.S. is currently around 78 years (76 for males; 81 for females). Consider a population in which life expectancy at birth is 50. Given what you know about life history theory, discuss how this population would differ from the U.S. across the following life history characteristics: age at first marriage, age at first reproduction, total fertility (number of children born per female), length of time spent in school, and money spent on education. Be sure to support your predictions using life history theory.

2. The following data on interbirth interval (time between births), child survivorship, and percent of children married were collected to evaluate reproductive decisions within a population. Assuming a woman of this population has a 20-year reproductive span (maximum time available from first to last birth), use these data to 1) calculate the maximum number of live births a woman could have, and 2) determine the number of births that will lead to the highest fitness (surviving children who marry) if we assume that all married children will have the same number of offspring. To receive credit, you must show your work. Lastly, what are the implications of your results?

% child %

IBI (months) Survivorship ever married

12	0.6	0.4
15	0.64	0.47
18	0.68	0.54
21	0.72	0.61
24	0.76	0.68
27	0.8	0.75
30	0.84	0.82
33	0.88	0.89
36	0.88	0.96
39	0.89	0.96
42	0.9	0.96
45	0.91	0.96
48	0.92	0.96
51	0.93	0.96
54	0.94	0.96
57	0.95	0.96
60	0.96	0.96

1. Because many men traditionally have not produced a lot of household commodities

a.	they are more likely to reduce hours of work after a decrease in their wage rate

b. their income effect is likely to be smaller than that of women

c. they can more easily substitute leisure for household production

d.	they are less likely to reduce hours of work after a decrease in their wage rate

2. One of the main changes in the typical family in the United States over the past 30-40 years has been

a. non-marital births have decreased appreciably

b. marriage has declined while cohabitation has risen

c. single-parent families have fallen considerably

d. median age at first marriage has decreased

3. A single mother is currently paying childcare cost of $10 an hour and she works 8 hours a day. The government then decides to provides child care at a constant $80 a day. The effect of this event will be to:

a. cause the mother to work more hours

b. cause the mother to work less hours

c. cannot tell without knowing which effect dominates: the income or substitution effect

d. cause the mother to work the same hours

4. Which statement correctly describes the relationship between Marriage and Poverty?

a. poverty as a whole can be solved by people just having children

b. Children who grow up in a dual parent household are significantly more likely to experience poverty

c. Children who grow up in a dual parent household are significantly less likely to experience poverty

d. poverty as a whole can be solved by people just staying married

5. The real determining "discriminatory" factor in higher education today is

a.	"out of state" status

HREQ 1800 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cn Tower

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