HRM 3450 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Software Architecture, Computer Hardware, Network Architecture
5 May 2018
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HRM 3450 Chapter 20 Notes – Summary
Introduction
• Information technology systems are systems that support the strategy and operations of
organizations.
• The technological components of an IT system include computer hardware, application
software, operating system software, networks, and data.
• Other components include personnel, policies, and more.
• There are a number of different ways of viewing an IT system, including application
architecture, network architecture, software architecture, and hardware architecture.
• The general architecture for an IT system includes all of these considerations.
• Nearly all modern IT systems rely on distributed processing.
• Data comes from many sources and information is required by users distributed
throughout an organization and beyond.
• The most common application architecture to support distributed processing is client-
server architecture, in which server computer systems provide various services—Web,
database, file, and print, processing—to client computer systems.
• Client-server systems are convenient for users and offer centralized control for the
organization.
• Client-server architecture is commonly organized in tiers, ranging from two-tier to n-
tier.
• The alternative architecture to client-server computing, peer-to-peer computing, is used
outside of organizations as a means for sharing files over the Internet.
• Limited use in organizational settings due to difficulties in establishing stable data
sources, security risks, and lack of central control.
• It is also possible to create hybrid architecture, with features from both client-server
and peer-to-peer computing.
• A specific type of client-server architecture, Web-based computing, predominates the IT
scene, primarily.
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