HUMA 1846 Chapter 15-16: COURSE KIT Sections 15-16

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Japji: composed by guru nanak: first prayer in guru granth (philosophical and ethical beliefs of the, recited at dawn when mind is fresh. Truth has always existed and always will exist. Guru is shiva, vishnu, brahma, parvati, laxmi, and sarasvati. Guru granth is closed after reciting these prayers. Consists of 5 hymns: first three are by guru nanak. First: visualizes the union of the individual self with the ultimate. Second: presents singularity of the ultimate despite the endless diversity of scriptures, teachers and philosophies, (dube 214) Third: rejects all modes of external piety and rituals, and vividly portrays the entire cosmo making a harmonious worship, (dube. 214), sun and moon become lamps: fourth one from guru ram das, last one from guru arjan. The import of the divine name through which all suffering and transmigration is annulled, (dube 214) Celebrates life here in this world, (dube 214), serve others.

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