PSYC 1010 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Social Desirability Bias, Operational Definition, Mental Chronometry

• School: York University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 1010
• Professor: Myriam Mongrain

Document Summary

Scientific principles in psychology: curiosity, scepticism, open-mindedness are driving forces behind scientific inquiry, presence of multiple bystanders produced a diffusion of responsibility, a psychological state in which each person feels decreased personal responsibility for intervening, scientific process: Descriptive research: describe behaviour of organisms in natural settings: ex. Case studies; naturalistic observation; surveys, correlational studies, experimental methods: all variables measured, examine more natural contexts, extraneous factors not controlled. Case studies: in-depth analysis of individual, group, or event. Advantages: useful fo(cid:396) (cid:396)a(cid:396)e phe(cid:374)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)o(cid:374) b/c enables close study, ma(cid:455) (cid:272)halle(cid:374)ge (cid:448)alidit(cid:455) of theories, ca(cid:374) illust(cid:396)ate effe(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e(cid:374)ess of p(cid:396)og(cid:396)a(cid:373)s fo(cid:396) spe(cid:272)ial populations (e. g. , failure to thrive infants) Disadvantages: poo(cid:396) (cid:373)ethod of dete(cid:396)(cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:374)g (cid:272)ause-effect relations, ge(cid:374)e(cid:396)aliza(cid:271)ilit(cid:455) (cid:395)uestio(cid:374)a(cid:271)le (conduct more studies, esea(cid:396)(cid:272)he(cid:396) (cid:271)ias (not objective) Correlation research: esea(cid:396)(cid:272)he(cid:396) (cid:373)easu(cid:396)es (not manipulates) one variable (x, esea(cid:396)(cid:272)he(cid:396) (cid:373)easu(cid:396)es se(cid:272)o(cid:374)d variable (y, esea(cid:396)(cid:272)he(cid:396) statisti(cid:272)all(cid:455) determines if x and y are related. Correlation coefficient: stat that indicates the direction and strength between 2 variables; range from -1. 00 to.