PSYC 2030 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Structured Analysis, Structured Interview, Note-Taking
9 Sep 2016
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Chapter 8
Interview and Survey Methods
Introduction: Self – Report Methods
• There are many ways that researchers can directly ask questions directly to individuals
• Self – report method – general term for methods in which people knowingly provide
information about themselves
- E.g. questionnaires, psychological assessment scales, interviews
• Self – report measures – are psychological scale that measures personality and attitudes
- Typically personality scales measuring personality and attitudes
Structured Interviews
• Structured design – design in which the questions and procedures are identical for
every respondent
• Every respondents receives the exact same questions
• Unstructured approaches
- Conversational style with open ended questions
- More richer, fuller maybe more genuine
- Similar to the observational design
- It suffers in reliability, technical comparison of cases and generalizability
• In qualitative measures the interviewees control the interview session
• It’s the ost fleile ad atuall hualike iustaes
Effects of Interpersonal Variables in Interviews
• Once participants know that they are participating in an experiment the results are
artificial
• There is an interaction between interviewee and interviewer
• Interviewees might try to behave according to the aims
Gender
• Studies have shown different effects for male and female interviewers
• Rubin & Greene
- Found that interviewees produced more negative attitudes towards gender
exclusive language when the interviewer was female
- Young males to males = the leads gender – inclusive language
- Older females to females = the most gender inclusive language
o E.g. Latino couples were interviewed
o Interviewer was a male = reported
o Interviewer was female = reported fewer sexual partners and sexual
encounters
- Age also played a role
o Men were more likely to report sex with a prostitute with an older
interviewer
o Women were less likely to report oral sex
Ethnicity
• Word, Zanna and Cooper
find more resources at oneclass.com
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- Found that race effected interviewing behaviors
- White students showed acting as interviewers showed lower intimacy (eye
contact, forward leaning)
- There participants performed less adequately
- They are also more nervous
- They perceived the interviewer to be less friendly
- White interviewees = increased distances, decreased eye contact
Formal Roles
• Seen and ethic differences may have greater effect if the interviewee believes the
researcher to be an authority figure
• Depends on the style of the researcher
• Interviewees maybe given a lack of fluency (e.g. correct language)
Personal Qualities
• Interviewer might find working with some people to be difficult and may act artificial →
interviewee can detect this behaviour
• The interviewee might not feel comfortable
Social Desirability
• People may mange their attitudes and behaviour to a misleading extent
• People tend to hide how they actually feel
Evaluative Cues
• Interviewer has to display behaviour that do not show disagreement or encouragement
• Interviewee might be searching for acceptable or desirable position
• Discourse analysis – qualitative analysis of interactive speech that assumes people use
language to construct the world as they see it and according to context and interests;
talk is not evidence of internal psychological processes
• Probe – general request for further information used in semi – structured interviewers
Types of interview
• Face to face – interview in which the researcher and interviewees talk together in each
others presence
- They vary in style; from structure to close and open ended questions
- Answers will placed in coded into categories
- “oeties ifoatio is’t uatified
- Sometimes the emphasis is on collating, prioritizing and summarizing
- The interview might be more or less structured
Non – Directive
• Interviewee can talk about whatever they like
• There is no directing influence to the topic
• Non – directive interview – interview in which interviewer does not direct discussion
and remain non – judgmental
• Used by psychotherapists and counselors
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Introduction: self report methods: there are many ways that researchers can directly ask questions directly to individuals, self report method general term for methods in which people knowingly provide information about themselves. E. g. questionnaires, psychological assessment scales, interviews: self report measures are psychological scale that measures personality and attitudes. Structured interviews: structured design design in which the questions and procedures are identical for every respondent, every respondents receives the exact same questions, unstructured approaches. It suffers in reliability, technical comparison of cases and generalizability. In qualitative measures the interviewees control the interview session. It"s the (cid:373)ost fle(cid:454)i(cid:271)le a(cid:374)d (cid:374)atu(cid:396)all(cid:455) hu(cid:373)a(cid:374)like (cid:272)i(cid:396)(cid:272)u(cid:373)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)es. Effects of interpersonal variables in interviews: once participants know that they are participating in an experiment the results are artificial, there is an interaction between interviewee and interviewer. Interviewees might try to behave according to the aims. Gender: studies have shown different effects for male and female interviewers, rubin & greene.
