PSYC 3410 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5, 12: Conditioned Taste Aversion, Classical Conditioning, Tactile Signing
19 Dec 2017
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Classical Conditioning
Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning
S-S VS. S-R Learning
-there are two types of learning when it comes to conditioning
-S-R model- classical conditioning as the process of directly attaching a relfex response to a
new stimulus
•NS becomes directly associated with the UR
-S-S model- NS becomes directly associated with the US, causing the NS->US->UR
Stimulus-Substitution VS. Preparatory-Response Theory
-S-S theory- the conditioned stimulus (CS) acts as a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus
(US)
•For example pairing a tone with food results in the tone becoming the substitute for the
food, eliciting the same response as food (sign tracking)
-P-R theory- the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US
•the dog salivates to the tone to prepare for the food
•allows for the CR and UR to be different
Compensatory-Response Model
-a CS that has been repeatedly been associated with the primary response (a-process) to a
US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process)
-similar to the opponent-process theory of emotion, except with stimuli such as drugs where
the NS (cue that encourage drug use) end up causing the oppossite reaction of using the
drug
-For example heroin directly elicits an immediate decrease in blood-pressure (a-process),
which in turn elicits a compensatory increase in blood-pressure (b-process)
-Therefore, process a becomes a unconditioned stimulus for process b
-this process is often found in drug addiction and tolerance
Rescorla-Wagner Theory
-theory proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning, and this amount of
conditioning must be distributed amoung various CSs that are present
-there is only so much associative value available to be distributed among the various cues
associated with the US
-there is a max value for the US, and the CS values cannot exceed that value, even if it is a
compound stimulus
-overexpectation effect- the decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two
seperately conditioned CS are combined into a compoud stimulus for further pairings with the
US
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
There are two types of learning when it comes to conditioning. S-r model- classical conditioning as the process of directly attaching a relfex response to a new stimulus: ns becomes directly associated with the ur. S-s model- ns becomes directly associated with the us, causing the ns->us->ur. A cs that has been repeatedly been associated with the primary response (a-process) to a. Us will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b-process) Similar to the opponent-process theory of emotion, except with stimuli such as drugs where the ns (cue that encourage drug use) end up causing the oppossite reaction of using the drug. For example heroin directly elicits an immediate decrease in blood-pressure (a-process), which in turn elicits a compensatory increase in blood-pressure (b-process) Therefore, process a becomes a unconditioned stimulus for process b. This process is often found in drug addiction and tolerance.
