BIOL-1030 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Karyotype, Genetic Testing, Chromosome
Document Summary
Notes from: textbook: campbell biology: concepts and connections 8th edition. Heredity: transmission of traits from one generation to the next. Genes may be sorted, but retain their original identities. True-breeding varieties: varieties for which self-fertilization produces offspring all identical to the parent. Hybrids: offspring of two varieties, made by genetic crossing. There are alternate versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters: alternate versions of genes are alleles. For each character an organism inherits two alleles: one from each parent. Identical alleles: homozygous: two different alleles: heterozygous. The do(cid:373)i(cid:374)a(cid:374)t allele deter(cid:373)i(cid:374)es the orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s appearance; the recessive has no effect on appearance: uppercase is dominant, lowercase is recessive (rr) A gamete carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during gamete production (law of segregation) Punnett square: diagram of crosses, each square represents a possible combination. A(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s appeara(cid:374)(cid:272)e does (cid:374)ot al(cid:449)a(cid:455)s sho(cid:449) its genetic combination.
