BSC 1010 Chapter 7: How Cells Harvest Energy

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violetmosquito593

2 Feb 2017

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Autotrophs: organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only. Chapter 7: how cells harvest energy plants algae, and some bacteria harvest energy this way simple inorganic compounds (self-feeder) Heterotrophs: organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals (fed by others) At least 95% of the organisms on earth are heterotrophs. Cellular respiration: the metabolic harvesting of energy by oxidation. Enzymes break down the large molecules into smaller ones (digestion) Then, other enzymes dismantle these fragments a bit at a time, harvesting energy from c(cid:357)h and other chemical bonds at each stage. Oxidations are reactions that break down these molecules. Dehydrogenations: chemical reaction involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. Oxidation-reduction reactions play a key role because the electrons that pass from one atom to another carry energy with them. Overall process of cellular energy harvest dozens of redox reactions take place, and a number of molecules (including.

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1:

Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6 & 14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2)

1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements:

a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___

2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles like the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the sulfur cycle. Select the correct answer and fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles:

a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they catabolize glucose to make ATP through __________________ and waste carbon is released as ___________.

b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids, [bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs.

c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S. Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals] convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals] eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their own proteins.

d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles.

*The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs

3. Identify the main metabolic classifications:

A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO₂ in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight
A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO₂ in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals
A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy
A microbe that uses organic carbon from others but energy from sunlight

Please help me with my microbiology assignment.

orchidherring991

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1: Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6&14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2) 1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements: a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ 2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles (the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.)Select the correct answer or fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles: a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they use catabolism to break down glucose to make ATP and waste carbon is released as ___________. b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids,[bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs. c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S.Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals]convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals]eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their proteins. d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles. *The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs 3. Match the main metabolic classifications to the description: Classifications: photoautotroph/ photoheterotroph/ chemoautotroph/ chemoheterotroph o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon but gets energy from sunlight 4. Identify the phases of the bacterial growth curve and define what occurs in each phase Phase A = ______________ Definition: Phase B = ______________ Definition: Phase C = ______________ Definition: Phase D = ______________ Definition: Part 2: Unique ecosystems containing microbes 5. Watch the video that shows hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/RO3nO98gH_M a. Describe bacteria that live at the vents using terms from the unit 2 reading guide: ________________________________________________________________________ b. Write a 2-3 sentence reflection about hydrothermal vents and the contribution of microbes to this ecosystem: 6. Apply what you have learned to the TED-Ed video about Biofilms: https://youtu.be/pHLP5CZMnL4 a. Give the terms for cell structures mentioned in the video that we learned in Chapter 4 and 7: i. âsticky appendagesâ thatallows bacteria to attach and begin the biofilm: _______________ ii. Extracellular matrix/gooey matrix that holds cells together: ____________________________ iii. Exchange genetic information while packed together: ____________________________ iv. Communicate with each other by _________________________________________ sensing. v. Produce chemical to kill microbial competitors: ____________________________ factor.

BSC 1010 Chapter 7: How Cells Harvest Energy

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