BIOL 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Dehydration Reaction, Cell Nucleus, Phospholipid

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11 Jun 2020

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Most of us know the food versions of these molecules. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the living world. Organic molecules are grouped into 4 categories- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. They are called organic bc these molecules have carbon at the foundation. Water plays a key role- its involved in all metabolism; all metabolic processes have water at the core. Carbohydrates-breads, grains, sugars, majority of these carbohydrates are used for structure, not food ion organisms. Lipids- are fats, all living things made up of cells have phospholipids in cell membrane. Proteins- one of the most diverse; in human body, there are. Nucleic acids- genetic information- dna and rna; also plays a role in metabolic energy transfer.

Related Questions

2260 A&P 1 Lecture - Unit 1

Beware! ANYTHING within the assigned readings or discussed in lecture is fair game whether it is part of this list or not!!

What is the study of Anatomy? Provide an example of an anatomical study.

What is the study of Physiology? Provide an example of a physiological study.

List the characteristics of living things and briefly discuss them.

List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. Provide a specific example for each level.

Compare/Contrast sections and planes.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the anatomical position?

Practice placing a section through a location in the body and then determine what structures would be made visible by that section in that location. For example if a coronal (frontal) section were made in the thoracic region (would be able to see both lungs, the heart, depending on the exact location of the cut, maybe the esophagus and /or the trachea)

Practice the directional terms using them to describe the locational relationship between two body regions (use the technical terms for those body regions, (i.e. if the original post used __ is superior to blank, the opposite would be ___ is inferior to __).

Distinguish between the nine abdominal regions and four quadrants and indicate what major organ(s) would be found deep to that region or quadrant.

Why is it important to study the language of anatomy and physiology if one is going into the medical field?

Define homeostasis. What thing (or things) in our body maintains homeostasis? And what regulates those "things"?

What is the likely result if homeostasis is not maintained?

13. What are the components of feedback mechanisms? What is the function of each component?

14. Discuss negative feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss positive feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss the levels of organization, list the various levels and provide a specific example of each level.

What is matter?

What are elements? What are the four most common elements of the human body?

Distinguish between atoms, and molecules. Provide an example of each.

What information is provided by the molecular formula? For example what can be said of the formula C₆H₁₂O_6, the molecular formula for glucose?

Briefly distinguish between organic and inorganic molecules. Recall that MY preferred defining quality differs from what the text says!

Consider/review the important inorganic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their importance in the human body.

Distinguish between acids and bases. Which of these will have relatively more free H+ ions?

What is the pH range of an acid? Of a base? What would be the pH value of a solution where the number of H+ ions = OH- ions?

What are the states of acidosis and alkalosis with reference to blood pH values?

Consider/review the important organic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their general importance in the human body.

Distinguish between solvent and solute.

Discuss the term osmolarity.

Consider/review the four types of lipids and discuss their individual function in the human body. Lipids are not composed of monomers but they do have âbuilding blocksâ, what are these building blocks?

What are the "building blocks" or monomers (looking for a group or class name) of a carbohydrate polymer? Name the five (5) types of carbohydrate monomers.

When two of these carbohydrate monomers are bonded together what "class" of carbohydrate is formed? What are the types of this "class"? What is the source (food) for each of these?

When three or more of these monomers are bonded together they form which "class" of carbohydrate? Which one of these stores excess carbs in animals (mainly in the liver)? Which one stores excess carbs in plants? And which one is indigestible by the human gut, but is important because it provides "bulk" in the form of fiber and helps keep fecal matter moving in the intestines?

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Briefly describe deoxyribonucleic acid including its general function.

Briefly describe ribonucleic acid including its general function.

What are the monomers of proteins? What kind of bond holds the monomers together?

Distinguish between oligopeptides and polypeptides.

Choose TWO general functions of proteins based on the globular vs fibrous classification of proteins, the class of protein that performs that function and a specific example for each.

What events or environments denature a protein? What has happened if a protein is denatured? What happens to its function if it is denatured?

What class of organic molecules are enzymes and what do they do in the body? How do they do their function? In other words, what is their mechanism of action/what do they change to do their job?

What are enzyme co-factors and what is their role in enzyme action?

How are enzymes regulated?

Question 55.55. The fact that marsupials are not as diverse inSouth America as they are in Australia would be classified as whattype of evidence for evolution? (Points : 1.25)

biogeographical

anatomical

biochemical

fossil record

molecular evidence

Question 56.56. What is the name of the hypothesis that statesthat the very first living thing came from nonliving chemicals?(Points : 1.25)

cell theory

chemical evolution

Darwinian evolution

speciation

organic chemistry

Question 57.57. What structures are necessary for thereplication process to occur in a cell? (Points : 1.25)

enzymatic proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

starches

viruses

Question 58.58. The flipper of a whale and the wing of a birdare homologous structures. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 59.59. Both the RNA-first and the protein-firsthypotheses must propose a manner for DNA to become the geneticmaterial as it is today. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 60.60. The early atmosphere of Earth consisted mainlyof (Points : 1.25)

hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

oxygen, water vapor, and carbon monoxide.

water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.

water vapor, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 61.61. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles isa sedimentary cycle? (Points : 1.25)

carbon

nitrogen

phosphorus

water

ice

Question 62.62. What two characteristics define a biome? (Points: 1.25)

temperature and the types of plants found there

amount of precipitation and the types of plantsfound there

temperature and rainfall

latitude and rainfall

altitude and temperature

Question 63.63. The atmosphere would be considered whatcomponent of a chemical cycle? (Points : 1.25)

reservoir

exchange pool

biotic community

source

none of these

Question 64.64. Are humans capable of upsetting globalbiogeochemical cycles with their activities? (Points : 1.25)

YES

Question 65.65. The richest marine ecosystems are those in theopen water where large fish abound. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 66.66. What is involved in the process ofdenitrification? (Points : 1.25)

conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonium

conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrate

conversion of ammonium to nitrate

conversion of nitrite to nitrate

conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

Question 67.67. What is the loss of water from plants called?(Points : 1.25)

runoff

precipitation

evaporation

transpiration

transference

Question 68.68. Decomposers perform a valuable service becausethey recycle nutrients. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 69.69. There is more nitrogen gas in the atmospherethan there is oxygen. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 70.70. Which of the following defines an ecosystems?(Points : 1.25)

a group of organisms of the same speciesinteracting together

all of the living organisms in an area interactingtogether

all living organisms and the nonliving environmentinteracting together

aspects of the nonliving environment interactingtogether

all the places on Earth where living organisms canbe found

Question 71.71. In MDCs, many people do not eat enough protein.(Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 72.72. The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like(Points : 1.25)

a pyramid.

an inverted pyramid.

a rectangle.

an oval.

a cube.

Question 73.73. The biggest problem in moving toward asustainable society with the LDCs is overconsumption. (Points :1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 74.74. A sustainable society is one that provides allof the goods and services desired by humans. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 75.75. In order to have a negative population growthrate, (Points : 1.25)

the birthrate must exceed the death rate.

the biotic potential of the population mustincrease.

the death rate must exceed the birth rate.

the carrying capacity for the population mustincrease.

only replacement reproduction can occur.

Question 76.76. Why should pregnant women and small children noteat certain fish? (Points : 1.25)

herbicide contamination

mercury contamination

pesticide contamination

lead contamination

PCB contamination

Question 77.77. What do hydropower and wind power have incommon? (Points : 1.25)

Both require the building of dams.

Both lead to an increase in greenhouse gasemissions.

Both are renewable energy sources.

Both result in the depletion of fossil fuels.

Both require the use of photovoltaic cells.

Question 78.78. Which organism would be most impacted bybiomagnification? (Points : 1.25)

eagles

rabbits

wheat plants

earthworms

corn

Question 79.79. Most of the freshwater in the world is used for(Points : 1.25)

drinking.

bathing.

irrigation.

watering lawns.

industrial needs.

Question 80.80. Which of the following is not associated withgroundwater depletion? (Points : 1.25)

subsidence

sinkholes

saltwater intrusion

lowering of the water table

sediment buildup

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BIOL 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Dehydration Reaction, Cell Nucleus, Phospholipid

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