CHEM 2261 Chapter : Chapter 3 Cont
Document Summary
Endergonic is when the reactants are more stable, and exergonic is when the products are more stable. Nucleophiles (electron-rich sites) of one molecule react with electrophiles (electron-deficient sites) in another molecule. Reaction mechanism: describes in detail what takes place during the reaction. Curved arrows indicate the movement of two electrons during the reaction. * double headed arrow indicate the flows of electron pairs, wherever it ends a new bond is formed. Stereochemistry: the arrangement of atoms in space; the stereochemistry of addition reactions: conformational and configurational isomers (5. 1 - 5. 4) Chirality center or asymmetric carbon: designates a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. Such an atom is often indicated by an asterisk (*) Isomers: different compounds with the same molecular formula; can lead to constitutional isomers or stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers: isomers whose atoms have a different connectivity. Stereoisomers: isomers that have the same connectivity but different arrangements of atoms in space; can lead to conformational isomers and configurational isomers.
