HIST 1003 Chapter : 20-Mar
Document Summary
The party problem under ums: parliamentary to national: pre-1870s parties: parliamentary, notables with local / regional base; not national (except at parliamentary level, creation of national parties under wider franchise and ums. New urban parties challenge the notables: britain: franchise widened to build parties, but labor appeared late 19th century to challenge notables, france: parties remain divided, multiple, only partially national; coalition governments, german notable parties: fail to nationalize. Democratic and socialist parties (urban, labor based, national: austro-hungarian parties: nationalist from 1867 reorganization; but confront minority national parties late 19th century. The radical fringes: radical right parties: reaction to loss of place of notables, labor unrest, general changes, often anti-semitic, often use social darwinian rhetoric, some are ultra nationalist, e. g. Notables resist ums and public primary education or use ums against urban and nationalist radicals by voting the rural areas that were deferential and that could be manipulated.
