OCS 1005 Chapter : Oceanography Ch1 2
15 Mar 2019
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Southern hemisphere = 80. 9 sea 19. 1 land. 97% salt water fresh water 2. 5%---- 66. 7 glaciers, 0. 8 permafrost 30. 1 groundwater 0. 4 surface and atmospheric water. Eratosthenes first librarian at alexandria -- collected ship logs center for knowledge and science. Calculates earths circumference 40,000 km used sun/shadows with 2-8% error to find circumference. Ptolemy"s map ptolemy also refined eratosthenes" calculation 70% smaller christopher columbus got lost. Treasure fleet 317 ships, 37,000 sailors gave free things, shared information. Chinese inventions compass, watertight compartments central rudder sophisticated sails. Latitude regularly spaced imaginary lines on the earth"s surface running parallel to the equator. Age of exploitation gold/destruction of native culture/colonization/slavery 17th century. The age of exploration and the beginning of ocean science. Using a sextant( north star) to get latitude. John harrison h1-1736-- h4- 1760 (worked) invented handheld clock. The cook expeditions-- biological sampiling, winds and currents. Ben franklins map of the gulf stream winds being same, ships move faster/slower.
