PSYC 2000 Chapter : Modules36 39
Document Summary
What is motivation: motivation: a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. 4 perspectives in motivation: evolutionary theory, drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, maslow"s hierarchy of needs. Instinct: a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. Drives and incentives: drive-reduction theory: a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the needs, homeostasis: tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state. Incentive: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior: needs and incentives work together to strengthen psychological drives. Optimum arousal: humans are motivated to seek optimum levels of arousal, too little arousal = boredom, too much arousal = stress. Hierarchy of motives: maslow"s hierarchy of needs: pyramid of human needs; lower needs must be satisfied before higher ones, order not empirically supported. Physiology of hunger: feelings of hunger coincide with contraction of stomach muscles, but rats and cancer patients without stomachs still experience hunger.
