BIOL 1101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Covalent Bond, Alpha And Beta Carbon, Amine
3 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Solid earth dominated by silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, calcium. Organic molecules= carbon- containing molecules: carbon can combine with many other elements to form many different molecules. Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds: carbon atoms behave as if they have 4 unpaired electrons. Carbon-based molecules are structurally and functionally diverse: carbon atoms can link with each other, simplest chain- ethane (formed when two carbon atoms become connected by a covalent bond, each carbon atom bound to 3 hydrogen atoms) Isomers= molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structures. Proteins= provide structural support, act as catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions. Nucleic acids= encode and transmit genetic information. Carbohydrates= provide a source of energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, algae. Lipids= make up cell membranes, store energy, act as signaling molecules. Polymers= complex molecules made up of repeated simpler units connected by covalent bonds. Carbohydrates (starch) are polymers of simple sugars.
