BIOL 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 35: Pulmonary Artery, Exhalation, Intercostal Muscle

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17 Apr 2018

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Responsible for bringing air into the lungs and expelling the residual air and metabolic gases from the body. Designed to generate intrathoracic negative and positive gas pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Designed to ultimately transfer the air into the alveoli or the small cavities that are surrounded by pulmonary capillaries carrying partially deoxygenated blood in the lung. Chemical process in which there is an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from two sites. Pulmonary circulation - between the red blood cells in the lungs and the atmosphere. Carries un-oxygenated hemoglobin from all cells inthe body to the alveoli so that carbon dioxide could be expelled and oxygen attach to the hemoglobin. Between cells of the body and the systemic capillaries which carries the oxygenated hemoglobin to tall cells. The oxygen diffuses to the cells so that atp can be generated.

Related Questions

1. A blood vessel thatbecomes damaged and increases in diameter will fail because thetension in the walls _____ when compared to the previoulsyundamaged vessel.

A. decreases with anincreased diameter

B.decreases withpressure

C. increases with decreasedvessel thickness

D. decreases with increasedvessel thickness

E. increases with anincreased diameter

2. This nerve controls quiet respiration.

A. intercostalnerve

B. phrenic nerve

C. Diaphragmaticnerve

D.vagus nerve

E. pulmonaryplexus

3. Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobindissociation?

A. lactic acid

B. fever

C. high tissue carbon dioxide

D. low ph

E. blood pressure

4. Surfactant of the lungs is created by

A. Oat cells.

B. lungmacrophages.

C. Type Ipneumocytes.

D. Type IIpneumocytes.

E. Goblet Cells

5. What is the medical termused to describe a lung that is no longer exchanging gases due tothe physical collapse of the alveoli (collpased lung)?

		A. apnea
		B.dyspnea
		C. acutebronchitis
		D. atelectasis
		E. asthma

6. If an individual removesthe surfactant from the lungs by inhaling and then exhaling asubstantial quantity of fresh water, the ____.

		A. alveoli would increase indiameter
		B. alveoli would decrease indiameter
		C. bronchioles would increasein diameter
		D. bronchioles would decreasein diameter
		E. vital capacity wouldincrease
		F. anatomical dead air spacewould increase

7. The chemoreceptors thatbest monitor the affects of respiration are found in

		A. the brainstem.
		B. the carotidbaroreceptor.
		C. the aoritcarch.
		D. the kidney.
		E. the cerbrospinalfluid.

8. Henry's Law deals with

		A. the total pressure of agas being made of the partial pressures of theindividual constituents
		B. the volume of a gas isrelated to the temperature and pressure
		C. the pressure of a gas isdirectly related to its velocity
		D. oxygen binding hemoglobinis temperature dependent
		E. oxygen binding hemoglobinis pH dependent

9. The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can beinhaled with maximum effort is called

		A. vital capacity.
		B. inspiratory reservevolume.
		C. expiratory reservevolume.
		D. residualvolume.
		E. inspiratorycapacity.

10. Large amounts of air in the pleural spaces of a lung willcause the lung to collapse because ___________.

		A. the pressure of thetrapped air prevents inflation of the lung
		B. the trapped air will goout a hole called the pnuemothorax
		C. the lung is not longerstuck to the parietal pleural lining
		D. the lung has lostsurfactant
		E. the air will not beabsorbed outside of an alveoli

11. Most carbon dioxideproduced by cellular metabolism is

		A. carried by the red bloodcells bound to hemoglobin
		B. carried in the bloodplasma as bicarbonate
		C. carried in the red bloodcells as bicarbonate
		D. carried in the plamsa asdissolved gas
		E. carried in the red bloodcell as dissolved gas

12. If I have a blood vessel that doubles in diameter, at the samepressure I would expect about ____ as much blood to go throughit.

		A. 2 times
		B. 4 times
		C. 8 times
		D. 16 times
		E. 32 times
		F. 64 times

mauveguinea-pig338

1. Which of the following are considered blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)

Veins

Arteries \

Epithelial tissue

Capillaries

Epidermis

2. The middle muscle layer found in the walls of the heart is the __________.

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Aorta

3. Blood is transported throughout the body via ___________.

Veins
Arteries

Capillaries

All of the above

4. The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the ______________.

Abdominal cavity

Lungs

Dorsal cavity

Cranium

5. Blood carries which of the following?

Oxygen and cellular waste

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and cellular waste

Nutrients, hormones, enzymes

Oxygen, nutrients, enzymes

6. Vocal chords are found in the ____________.

Bronchus

Trachea

Larynx and Pharynx

Nasal cavity

7. The trachea is mostly lined by ________________.

Alveoli

Ciliated

mucous membrane

Lung capillaries
Vocal chords

8. Excess CO2 from the body is __________________.

Stored in the pancreas

Digested by cells

Excreted by the respiration process

Used to make ATP

9. CO2 from the body is released into the lungs via _________________.

Ciliated mucous membrane

Alveolar air

Nasal cavity

Bronchial tree

10. The principal function(s) of gas exchange is ____________________.

To supply cells with oxygen

To remove CO2 from the body

Both A and B

Neither of the above

One of the most common chronic conditions affecting the respiratory system is asthma. Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways. When an asthma attack is triggered, the airways become even more inflamed and can restrict breathing. Common symptoms during an asthma attacks include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal. People with a family history of asthma are more likely to have the condition. While there is no cure for asthma, proper medical care and a management plan can help to maintain quality of life for people living with asthma. There are different types of asthma, each with their own triggers and management plans. Type Description Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB), or Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) Some people only experience asthma symptoms during exercise. Exercise-induced asthma causes the narrowing of airways during exercise, which restricts the flow of air to and from the lungs. Cold, dry air tends to exacerbate symptoms, while warm, humid air may reduce symptoms. People with exercise-induced asthma should work with their doctor to create a management plan that still allows them to exercise while keeping their symptoms under control. Allergic Asthma Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. It is triggered by inhaling allergen particulates, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold. The bodyâs reaction to the allergens causes inflammation that results in coughing, wheezing, and other symptoms of asthma. Occupational Asthma Occupational asthma is caused by the frequent inhalation (breathing) of gases, fumes, dust, or other harmful substances in the workplace. Employees working in the chemical or petroleum industries are frequently exposed to chemicals such as Sulphur dioxide or hydrochloric acid, and may develop occupational asthma after prolonged exposure. Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is usually developed before age 5. It is a condition that affects millions of children. It is vital that childhood asthma is properly controlled to prevent damage to the developing lungs Risk factors: â¢ Allergies â¢ Family history â¢ Frequent respiratory infections â¢ Low birth-weight â¢ Second-hand smoke â¢ Residing in a low-income, urban environment

Asthma symptoms that are triggered by exposure to pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites is indicative of which of the following types of asthma:

Occupational asthma

Childhood asthma

Allergic asthma

Exercise-induced asthma

aquamarinecaribou889

Please help me answer this multiple choice questions: (please answer all questions)

No explantion needed just the answer needed.

physiology and neurobiology questions below.

31. Systemic arterioles dilate in response to _____.

A. Increased CO2 levels in the tissue

B. Decreased O2 levels in the tissue

C. Decreased pH in the tissues

D. All of the above

32. Blood in the pulmonary arteries ______

A. Contains hemoglobin which is about 98.5% saturated with oxygen

B. Has a PO2 of about 40 mmHg

C. Both of the above

D. Neither of the above

33. Completion of first meiotic division of oogenesis yields.

A. One secondary oocyte

B. Four primary oocyte

C. Four mature ova (egg cells)

D. Four secondary oocytes

34. The final absorbable products of chemical digestion occurring in the brush border of the small

intestine include:

A. Monosaccharides and amino acids

B. Proteins and chylomicrons

C. Disaccharides and amino acids

D. Monosaccharides and disaccharides

35. The hemoglobin oxygen curve saturation curve plots ____ on the dependent (Y) axis and ____

on the independent (X) axis.

A. Oxygen concentration; hemoglobin concentration

B. % oxygen saturation of hemoglobin; PO2 of blood

C. % oxygen saturation of hemoglobin; PCO2 of blood

D. Hemoglobin concentration; oxygen concentration

36. In contrast to the female hypothalamic pituitary-sex steroid axis, control of the male axis is

aimed at ____.

A. Allowing spermatogenesis to occur just once a month

B. Keeping levels of pituitary gonadotropins relatively constant in blood

C. Keeping levels of hypothalamic releasing hormones higher than usual in blood

D. Causing a positive feedback effect of sex steroid up on gonadotropins

37. Which of the following will correct acidosis?

A. Speed up the proton pump

B. Buffering of protons with phosphate in the tubular lumen

C. Renal metabolism of glutamine

D. All of the above

38. Epithelium with a brush border (microvilli) is characteristics of the mucosa found in

A. Duodenum

B. Proximal Tubule

C. Both of the above

D. Neither of the above

39. The transport maximum (Tm) for glucose, addition filtered glucose

A. Is no longer filtered

B. Appears in urine

C. Is secreted

D. Is reabsorbed

40. Stroke volume is equal to ____.

A. End-diastolic volume alone

B. End-diastolic volume plus end-systolic volume

C. Cardiac output minus heart rate

D. End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume

41. The long term solution to a change in blood pH involves

A. Digestive System

B. Respiratory System

C. Buffers such as hemoglobin

D. Renal System

42. The left heart receives blood from ___ and pumps blood out through the ____.

A. Superior vena cava; pulmonary trunk

B. Pulmonary veins, pulmonary trunk

C. Pulmonary veins; aorta

D. Pulmonary arteries; aorta

43. Selection and activation of specific B lymphocytes may lead to all EXCEPT_____.

A. Formation of memory cells

B. Secretions of antibodies

C. Activation of complements to destroy tagged antigen

D. Secretion of perforin

44. Bile is stored and released into the duodenum from the

A. Liver

B. Pancreas

C. Gall Bladder

D. Duodenum

45. Beta oxidation of fatty acids yields _____,which then can be further oxidized to produces ATP.

A. Glycogen

B. Amino acids

C. Keto acids

D. Acetyl CoA

46. The relationship between the loop of Henle and the vasa recta capillaries function.

A. Absorption of glucose, amino acids and creatinine

B. Countercurrent exchange

C. Countercurrent multiplication

D. All of the above

47. Anterior pituitary production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is decreased by

A. Testosterone from Sertoli cells

B. Inhibin from Sertoli cells

C. Inhibin from interstitial (Leydig) cells

D. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from granulosa cells

48. A response to acidosis would involve

A. Slowing down the proton pump

B. Greatly increased excretion of HCO3- (bicarbonate ions)

C. Both of the above

D. Neither of the above

49. The conversion of spermatid to spermatozoa occurs

A. By differentiation process in the seminiferous tubule

B. In epididymis

C. By meiosis, in the seminiferous tubule

D. In the prostate gland

50. Antibody-mediated immunity defends against ____.

A. Virus infected cells

B. Viruses and bacteria in the blood or body fluids

C. Bacteria only

D. Viruses only

pinkwhale636

BIOL 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 35: Pulmonary Artery, Exhalation, Intercostal Muscle

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