BIOL 460 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Neurodegeneration, Osmosis, Neurotrophic Factors
15 Sep 2016
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Neuroglial cells and neurons are derived from the ectoderm. Neuroglial cells-do not conduct impulses: pns, cns. Necessary for repair but release free radicals (neurodegenerative disease) Neurilemma only in pns (one wrapping of schwann) Myelin sheath in the pns (sheath = multiple wrappings: nodes of ranvier, small axons, myelinated more rapid impulses. Myelin sheath in the cns: oligodendrocyte. Glial scars from astrocytes, which physically prevent regeneration. Neurotrophins: promote growth in fetal brain. Nerve growth factor: brain derived neurotrophin, glial derived, neurotrophin 3, 4, aid in maintenance and regeneration in adults, neural stem cells. Dopamine release: forms blood brain barrier, releases gliotransmitters, glutamate, atp, adenosine, d-serine, stimulate or inhibit neurons. Joined by tight junctions: diffusion, active transport, bulk transport, transcellular movement. No paracellular (aka no diffusion or osmosis: astrocyte influence. Release regulatory molecules that stimulate capillary cells to produce proteins at tight junctions.
