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BSC 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Tide Pool, Emergence, Railways Act 1921

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beigeporpoise40
20 Jan 2017
School
University of Alabama
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BSC 108
Professor
Christine J.Yates

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Document Summary

Biology: the scientific study of life. We recognize life by what living things do. Order: all living things exhibit complex but organization. Energy: organisms use energy too live. Respond to environment: respond to stimuli. Reproduction: reproduce to form more generations. Evolution: living things change over time. Life at its many levels: biosphere: Consists of all the environments on earth that support life. Novel properties emerge from the specific arrangement and interactions of the parts in an increasing sophisticated system. These may be called emergent properties: they emerge as complexity increases, zooming in on life: Consists of all living organisms in a particular area and the nonliving components. All organisms in the tide pool are called a community. Within communities are various population, groups of interactions of one species. An organisms body consists of several organ systems each which contain two or more organs. A tissue consists of a group of similar cells performing a specific function.

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Related Questions

Consider a group of humanoids like Geth, an imaginary group of artificial intelligence as seen in video game franchise Mass Effect ( http://masseffect.wikia.com/wiki/Geth) that gained sentience, consist of individually operating physical units that have a compute unit not only acting individually but share a common network for thought processing and decision making. Considering the properties of life as discussed in Campbell Biology Chapter 1, would you consider Geth as living or not? Explain your reasoning via discussing at least 1 aspect/property of life. !!! Properties of life are:

Order. Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells. ...

Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli. Organisms respond to diverse stimuli. ...

Reproduction. ...

Adaptation. ...

Growth and Development. ...

Regulation. ...

Homeostasis. ...

Energy Processing.

with 200 words minimum. Thank you for any help.

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

A.

species.
B.

family.
C.

class.
D.

genus.
E.

order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

A.

molecule.
B.

cell.
C.

organism.
D.

tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

A.

responsiveness.
B.

heredity.
C.

metabolism.
D.

natural selection.
E.

development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

A.

are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
B.

are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
C.

are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
D.

are very similar to present-day organisms.
E.

bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

A.

herpetology
B.

analogy
C.

zoology
D.

ecology
E.

ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

A.

motility.
B.

a high degree of organization.
C.

lack of change from generation to generation.
D.

reproduction.
E.

responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

A.

phylum
B.

class
C.

family
D.

species
E.

genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

A.

organ system
B.

molecule
C.

organelle
D.

cell
E.

tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

A.

preadaptation
B.

special creation
C.

inheritance of acquired characteristics.
D.

taxonomy
E.

evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

A.

organismal
B.

community
C.

ecosystem
D.

population
E.

biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

A.

organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
B.

organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
C.

organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
D.

tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
E.

cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

A.

biosphere
B.

population
C.

species
D.

ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

A.

evolutions.
B.

heredities.
C.

genes
D.

twins.
E.

metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

A.

require another organism to reproduce.
B.

are usually very complex.
C.

produce offspring that are different from each other.
D.

do not require energy to reproduce.
E.

produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

A.

biosphere.
B.

community.
C.

biosystem.
D.

population.
E.

ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

A.

identify a problem.
B.

predict the results of an experiment.
C.

propose a solution.
D.

draw a conclusion.
E.

perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

A.

heredity.
B.

metabolism.
C.

development.
D.

evolution.
E.

heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

A.

carry on metabolism.
B.

reproduce.
C.

constantly change.
D.

be able to move.
E.

extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

A.

family
B.

phylum
C.

domain
D.

kingdom
E.

order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

A.

Archaea
B.

Eukarya
C.

Bacteria
D.

Fungi
Question1.1. Accidental alterationsduring DNA replication that give rise to variations in organismsare __________. (Points : 1)
adaptive traits
mutations
symbioses
random distributions
Question2.2. The largest reservoir ofcarbon in the carbon cycle is comprised of _________. (Points :1)
freshwater systems andoceans
plants and animals
sedimentary rock andfossil fuels
atmosphere
Question3.3. The principle of utility________. (Points : 1)
holds that any naturalresource should be available for use in manufacturing
holds that something isright when it produces the greatest benefit for the greatest numberof people
is not an ethicalstandard
cannot be used toestimate the value of natural resources
Question4.4. The two processes thatdetermine current biodiversity on a global scale are __________.(Points : 1)
allopatric speciation andimmigration
mutation and habitatselection
mutation and globalclimate change
extinction andspeciation
Question5.5. The conservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)
exploit natural resourcesfor economic gain regardless of sustainability
be prudent and efficientin the use of natural resources
consider the environmentthe ultimate servant of mankind
maintain the environmentin a pristine, unaltered state
Question6.6. The preservation ethicholds that we should ________. (Points : 1)
be responsible for wisemanagement while using natural resources
protect areas againstdevelopment while allowing public access
harvest naturalresources
maintain the naturalenvironment in a pristine, unaltered state
Question7.7. Trophic levels and foodchains diagram __________. (Points : 1)
logistic curves
energy flow in anecosystem
population density
natural resourcefluctuations
Question8.8. A hypothesis is ________.(Points : 1)
a prediction
an educated guess thatexplains a phenomenon or answers a question
an instrument that isused to examine environmental conditions
the design of anexperiment that can be used for the process of science
Question9.9. A biocentric view of theworld emphasizes ________. (Points : 1)
the role of corporationsin environmental law
the importance ofconsidering environmental impacts on all living things
the importance ofeconomics in environmental decisions
the dual-natured view ofhumans and animals as environmental controls
Question10.10. Malthus was responsiblefor ________. (Points : 1)
the book The PopulationBomb that described the disastrous effects of human populationgrowth
the idea that theincrease in human population would lead to famine and war
the concept that humanpopulation growth would lead to greater industry and prosperitythrough education
instituting fertilizeruse for agriculture
Question11.11. Ecology is ________.(Points : 1)
the study of how to solveenvironmental problems
the study of organismsand their interactions with each other and the environment
a subfield ofenvironmentalism
the study of the E. colifamily of bacteria
Question12.12. The scientific processis based on ________. (Points : 1)
observations thatresearchers keep in a scientific journal
testing hypotheses builton observation, and revising them based on results
intuitive understandingof natural laws and processes
the ancient writings ofHeraclitus
Question13.13. Which of the followingis an abiotic factor? (Points : 1)
Amphibians
Wood
Mammals
Water
Question14.14. In environmentalscience, "carrying capacity" means the ___________. (Points :1)
maximum population sizethat a given environment can sustain
average number of viableoffspring produced within a population
potential number ofspecies in a given area
limitation on the numberof species in an ecosystem
Question15.15. The Cuyahoga River madepeople aware of environmental problems because __________. (Points: 1)
people in manycommunities became sick when using water from the river
the drinking water inelementary schools near the river became contaminated
the river caught onfire
the river stoppedsupporting any plant or animal life
Question16.16. The conversion processwhere nitrogen gas combines with hydrogen to form ammonium ions,which is accomplished through the intense energy of lightening orwhen air in the top layer of soil comes into contact with certainbacteria, is known as ________. (Points : 1)
the carbon cycle
nitrogen fixation
ionic conversation
bacterial ionization
Question17.17. The fresh water wedepend on for survival accounts for approximately __________ of allwater on Earth. (Points : 1)
two-thirds
one-third
10%
3%
Question18.18. A paradigm is ________.(Points : 1)
a group of severalhypotheses that can be tested together
a dominant view inscience
the same as ahypothesis
synonymous with thescientific method
Question19.19. The degree of disorderin a substance, system, or process is called ________. (Points :1)
chaos
entropy
energy
electricity
Question20.20. A population is definedas ___________. (Points : 1)
a group of individuals ofmultiple, interacting species that live in a particular area
a group of similarspecies that inhabit various ecosystems
a group of individuals ofa single species inhabiting a particular area
(crude birth rate +immigration rate) - (crude death rate - emigration rate)