PSYC 100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Cluster Sampling, Operationalization, Demand Characteristics

• School: University of Maryland
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYC 100
• Professor: Ryan Curtis

Document Summary

Causality vs. correlation: not the same, but often confused or mistakenly interchanged in the media; extremely difficult to establish causality between two correlated events or observances; if one thing causes another, then they. Controlled studies: two groups who are comparable in every way are given two different sets of experiences and outcome is compared to determine whether diff. experiences caused diff. outcomes (causality) Epidemiological (observational) studies: large groups of people are followed over time and behavior/outcome is observed, hard to weed out causality from mere correlation. Types of correlation: positive, no relationship, negative. Positive: as one increases, the other increases ie: more sleep=higher gpa. None: one has nothing to do with the other ie: sleep and height. Negative: as one increases, the other decreases ie: more sleep=less anxious. Independent variable (manipulated) and dependent variable (measured to see if iv had effect) Experimental group vs. control group (only one difference between them, the iv)