NURS 3100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Codeine, Warfarin, Enalapril
Document Summary
Drugs composed of polar, water soluble molecules are eliminated efficiency by the kidney. Most drugs constructed of nonpolar, lipophilic molecules undergo structural changes (biotransformation - enzymatic changes made to the chemical structure of non polar, lipophilic molecules so that they may be eliminated by the body) by enzymes in the body. Intestine (cyp3a4 enzyme families exist in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol) Liver (over 12 different enzyme families exist in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol) Kidney (per gram, more metabolically active than liver, but only a few drugs are metabolized) Body"s biotransformation enzymes activate and metabolize hormones that can be made by the body (endogenous substrates - produced by or within the body)and detoxify foreign compounds (exogenous substrates) Endogenous substrates (can make in the body) After po (oral) drugs are absorbed, they may undergo a degree of first pass metabolism before the drug reaches the systemic circulation. For alcohol, first pass metabolism occurs in the stomach:
