BISC208 Chapter 2: 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem

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orchidcattle597

26 Mar 2016

School

University of Delaware

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC208

Professor

All

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Document Summary

Autotroph-an organism that collects energy from sunlight (or inorganic substances) to produce food. Heterotroph-an organism that gets its energy requirements by consuming other organisms. Omnivores-organisms that eat both plants and animals. Detritivores-organisms that eat fragments of dead matter in an ecosystem, return nutrients to the soil, air & water where the nutrients can be reused by other organisms (also decomposers) Trophic level- steps in a food chain or web. Food chain-simple model that shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. Food web-model representing the many interconnected food chains & pathways in which energy flows through a group if organisms (many food chains) Biomass-total mass of living matter at each trophic level. Ecological pyramids-a diagram that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers or organisms at each trophic level in an organism (decreases as goes up) If we didn"t have detritivores, we would be covered in millions of dead organisms.

Related Questions

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1: Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6&14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2) 1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements: a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ 2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles (the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.)Select the correct answer or fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles: a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they use catabolism to break down glucose to make ATP and waste carbon is released as ___________. b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids,[bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs. c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S.Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals]convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals]eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their proteins. d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles. *The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs 3. Match the main metabolic classifications to the description: Classifications: photoautotroph/ photoheterotroph/ chemoautotroph/ chemoheterotroph o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon but gets energy from sunlight 4. Identify the phases of the bacterial growth curve and define what occurs in each phase Phase A = ______________ Definition: Phase B = ______________ Definition: Phase C = ______________ Definition: Phase D = ______________ Definition: Part 2: Unique ecosystems containing microbes 5. Watch the video that shows hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/RO3nO98gH_M a. Describe bacteria that live at the vents using terms from the unit 2 reading guide: ________________________________________________________________________ b. Write a 2-3 sentence reflection about hydrothermal vents and the contribution of microbes to this ecosystem: 6. Apply what you have learned to the TED-Ed video about Biofilms: https://youtu.be/pHLP5CZMnL4 a. Give the terms for cell structures mentioned in the video that we learned in Chapter 4 and 7: i. âsticky appendagesâ thatallows bacteria to attach and begin the biofilm: _______________ ii. Extracellular matrix/gooey matrix that holds cells together: ____________________________ iii. Exchange genetic information while packed together: ____________________________ iv. Communicate with each other by _________________________________________ sensing. v. Produce chemical to kill microbial competitors: ____________________________ factor.

Are most invasive (exotic) species K-selected or r-selectedspecies? Explain your choice and why that makes sense in terms oftheir ecological success.

Briefly define a community and an ecosystem and describe how thetwo are interrelated.

Which of the following levels of organization are in order, fromsimplest to most complex.
a. population, organism, community, ecosystem
b. community, ecosystem, population,organism
c. organism, community, population, ecosystem
d. population, ecosystem, organism, community
e. organism, population, community, ecosystem

Mosses growing on bare rock will eventuallyhelp to create soil. These mosses are involved in ___succession.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary

If a farmer sprays a pesticide onto a field and kills half ofthe insect pests, he has caused a reduction in________.
a. field capacity
b. carrying capacity
c. population size
d. More than one of the above

What type of survivorship curve would you expect for a plantspecies in which only a few seeds are produced and most of thesesurvive to produce adult plants?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III

An ecological niche is an organism's_______ in anecosystem.
a. location
b. habitat
c. resources
d. function

No matter how rapidly populations grow, they eventually reach alimit and begin to stabilize. This is called the______________.

Unicellular algae live in the tissues of coral animals. Thealgae provide food for the coral, while the coral provides a stablehome for the algae. This is an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystemis____________.
a. converted into biomass by plants.
b. utilized by secondary consumers.
c. lost as heat.
d. used by the primary consumers.
e. concentrated in the decomposers.

A farmer is using an insecticide to treat his crops. While mostinsects do not survive their first exposure to the insecticide somehave a gene that enables them to survive. When these survivorsreproduce they will likely pass along this resistance to theiroffspring. This results in an increase in numbers of the insectsover time. Which of the following processes applies to thissurvival?
a. cloning
b. mutation
c. natural selection
d. genetic engineering

What is the ecological relationship between insects andcrops?
a. mutualism
b. competition
c. predation

Sea anemones growing on the backs of crabs without damaging thecrabs are an example of
a. Parasitism
b. Commensalism
c. Mutualism

Which of these is a population density-independent regulatingfactor?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Size of population
d. Weather
e. Resource availability

Producers are_________.
a. Autotrophs
b. Herbivores
c. Omnivores
d. Carnivores

If biological magnification occurs, the ___ will have thehighest levels of toxins in their systems.
a. producers
b. herbivores
c. primary carnivores
d. top carnivores

Given the amount of sunlight that hits the plants on our planet,and the ability of plants for rapid growth and reproduction, howcome we arenât all hip deep in dead plants?

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BISC208 Chapter 2: 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem

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