ENWC201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Respiratory Tract, Brucellosis, List Of Dragonlance Locations
18 May 2018
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Chapter 8 - Diseases and Parasites
Case Studies
● Avian Cholera
○ In CA in 1940s and 50s
○ Neraka rainwater in 50s and 60s
○ Killed 1000s
○ Current Evidence says it came from domestic turkeys or chickens
○ They colonize the upper respiratory tract and invade the bloodstream
where they reproduce by dying bacteria cause tissue damage and septic
shock
○ Transmitted from bird to bird via respiratory droplets, mucus and feces
○ Coincides well with widespread use of DDT
● Brucellosis
○ bovine brucellosis was a common disease to cattle
○ Resulting human disease - undulant fever
○ A approach to reducing rates of brucellosis has been reducing elk
populations by liberally hunting females
● Distemper
○ Caused by morbillivirus that infects domestic and wild canids
○ Widespread vaccinations in 50s and 60s reduced distemper in dogs inNA
○ Transmitted by aerosol or contact with fluids of infected and dying animals
- virus can not survive outside a living host for long
○ Outbreaks occur in summer in suburban and rural red and grey fox
○ Invades local mucous membranes and is picked up by white blood cells
and eventually lodges in central nervous system
○ It has potential to destroy whole populations of susceptible species bc
asymptomatic animals can be carriers , it has been hard to predict or limit
in wildlife
■ Can cause serious ecological ripples
● Sea otters
○ Some bacterial infections spread by sewage, or non native animals
Methods on Investigation
● Epidemiology is the study of disease and health in populations
● Spatial and temporal patterns form
● Incidence (# new cases /time) and prevalence (# cases at any point of time)
rates, their change over time
Document Summary
Current evidence says it came from domestic turkeys or chickens. They colonize the upper respiratory tract and invade the bloodstream where they reproduce by dying bacteria cause tissue damage and septic shock. Transmitted from bird to bird via respiratory droplets, mucus and feces. Coincides well with widespread use of ddt. Bovine brucellosis was a common disease to cattle. A approach to reducing rates of brucellosis has been reducing elk populations by liberally hunting females. Caused by morbillivirus that infects domestic and wild canids. Widespread vaccinations in 50s and 60s reduced distemper in dogs inna. Transmitted by aerosol or contact with fluids of infected and dying animals. Virus can not survive outside a living host for long. Outbreaks occur in summer in suburban and rural red and grey fox. Invades local mucous membranes and is picked up by white blood cells and eventually lodges in central nervous system.
