GEOG434 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2,4: Arms Control, Anthropocentrism, National Audubon Society
23 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Concept of sustainability came to in early 1970s as effect of growing understanding that modern development practices were leading to worldwide environmental and social crises. Sustainable development became catchword for alternative development approaches that could be envisioned as continuing far into future. Many societies have elaborate rituals and institutions devoted to sustainability; in particular use of common pool resources such as fisheries, forests, water sources and grazing land. Indigenous cultures cleared forests, managed landscapes by setting fires, domesticated or transplanted species, Industrial large negative effects on earth; skies blackened with smoke, rivers and streams fouled with sewage, forests cut down to produce lumber or charcoal for iron smelting, and rivers and streams were fouled with sewage and industrial wastes. Clearcutting and inappropriate agricultural practices such as plowing across contours often led to erosion and flooding. Late 1800s, german foresters developed sustained yield techniques of forest management- applied particularly to the black forest.
