PSYC414 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Otto Loewi, Camillo Golgi, Axon Terminal
18 Feb 2018
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Santiago ram n y cajal father of modern neuroscience neuro doctrine. Otto loewi in 1920: stimulated vagus (parasympthatetic) nerve of a frog heart, slowing the beat; proved chemical substances are released into fluid due to vagal stimulation. Che(cid:373)i(cid:272)al su(cid:271)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)es (cid:449)as(cid:374)(cid:859)t a(cid:272)(cid:272)epted as the pri(cid:373)ar(cid:455) (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s of (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)i(cid:272)atio(cid:374) i(cid:374) the brain until the 60s. Synapse- transmission occurs in one direction; from the presynaptic cell (sending) to postsynaptic cell (receiving); specialized mechanism underlying this neuronal communication. Axodendritic synapses- most common synapse in the brain: axon terminal from presynaptic neuron communicates with dendrite of postsynaptic. Dendritic spines- location for synapses to form. Synaptic cleft- gap between pre- and post- Axon terminal contains synaptic vesicles, filled with neurotransmitters and the source of release. Mitochondria- responsible for energy (atp) production; needed in large quantities. Astrocyte fibers- surrounds synapse in regulating transmission by amino acid transmitters. Axosomatic synapses- synapses b/w nerve terminal and nerve cell body.
