PSYC 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Fundamental Attribution Error, Ingroups And Outgroups, Observational Learning
PSYC 101: Chapter 12
Social Psychology
Attributions and Attitudes
Person Perception (11/14)
1) What type of personality traits do we assume physically attractive people possess? Why?
Tend to seem more sociable, friendly, poised, warm and self adjusted. People who are
attractive are popular in media and are portrayed in a positive light. Our perceptions are
swayed by our desire to bnd with attractive people
a. What type of bias do we have toward attractive individuals? Positive bias
2) What are stereotypes? Why do we stereotype?
Steretypes: widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their
membership in a particular group
Normal cognitive process that is automatic and that saves on time and effort required to
get a handle on people individually
3) Defie igroup ad outgroup. What role do these lassifiatios pla i forig
stereotypes?
Ingroup: a group that belongs to and identifies with
Outgroup: a group that one does not belong to or identify with
Ingroup tends to be favored whereas outgroup members tend to be viewed with a negative
stereotype
Attributions (11/14)
1) What are attributions?
Attributions: iferees that people dra aout the ause of eets, others’ ehaiors ad
their own behavior
- make them because they have a strong need to understand their experiences
2) What are internal attributions?
Internal attributions: ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities
and feelings
3) What are external attributions?
External attributions: ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and the
environmental constraints
4) What is the fundamental attribution error?
Fundamental attribution error: refers to the oserers’ ias i faor of iteral
attribuations in explaiig others’ ehaiors
a. Are oserers ore likel to attriute aother perso’s ehaior to iteral or
external attributions? Why? Internal – attriuatig others’ ehaior to their
dispositions is almost automatic. Takes more thought and energy to look at situation
5) What is self-serving bias?
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Self-serving bias: tede to attriute oe’s suesses to persoal fators ad oe’s
failures to situational factors
SUPPLEMENTAL VIDEO: JANE ELLIOTT CLASSROOM EXPERIMENT (11/14)
- Begin at 3:20 mark of Chapter 1 ad otiue util ou get to Wedesda
afteroo, hih is approiatel . iutes ito the seod hapter
- Identify examples of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination
Thik people ith olor are du. People of olor do’t get athig i the orld.
Stereotypes- just the grouping
Prejudice – negative stereo types for people in outgroup. Helps people feel better about
themselves and put yourself ahead of them
Prejudicial attitudes = negative stereotypes
Not typically purposeful. If parents have negative stereotype for a group, you are more likely to
(observational learning)
Discrimmination: negative action taken towards someone depending on their membership to a
group
Tend to attribute others behaviors from internal characteristics → we do not know the
environmental situation as an observer that leads them to making the decisions that they do.
We make assumptions as them as a person
Attitudes (11/16)
1) What are attitudes? What are the opoets of oe’s attitude?
Attitudes- positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought
Objects of thought - Social issues, groups, institutions, consumer products, and
people
1. Cognitive component: beliefs people hold about the object of attitude
2. Affective component: consists of emotional feelings stimulated by an object of
thought
3. Behavioral component: consists of predispositions to act in certain ways toward
an attitude object
2) What fators otriute to a strog attitude? Viewed as ones that are firmly held
(resistant to change), durable overtime, and that have powerful impact on behavior
3) What factors make someone (the source) more persuasive?
- Expertise → More persuasive if the source is highly credible
- Trustworthiness → people tend to accept messages from trustworthy people with
little scrutiny
- Likeability
- Similarity → people tend to respond better to sources who share similarities that
are relevant to the issue at hand
4) What types of messages are more persuasive?
- 2 sided arguments are more effective than 1 → gives you more credibility
- fear appeals
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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