BIOL 257 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9.1: Microbial Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Plasmid
Document Summary
9. 1 introduction to genetics and genes: unlocking the secrets of heredity: genetics is the study of the inheritance, or heredity, of living things. In single-celled organism: binary fission, budding, making daughter cells, genome: is the sum total genetic material of an organism, usually appears as chromosomes. In bacteria and some fungi, can appear as plasmid (tiny pieces of dna: ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)ic is the study of a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s e(cid:374)tire ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)e, chromosome is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged dna molecule, eukaryotes: Located in nucleus: consists of a dna molecule tightly wound around histone proteins, vary in number, occur in pairs (diploid) or singles (haploid) Maintenance of the code during reproduction: the constancy of base-pairing guarantees that the code will be retained during cell growth and division. When the two strands are separated, each one provides a template (pattern or model) for the replication (exact copying) of a new molecule.
