BIOL 2100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5.5, 12.1, 12.2: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Nuclear Membrane

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purpleox787

4 Oct 2016

School

University of Virginia

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2100

Professor

Kittlesen, David

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Document Summary

Cell division occurs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when dna is distributed to two daughter cells. Genome = a cell"s endowment of dna. Chromosomes = a package of dna molecules. Each chromosome has one long dna molecule with many proteins associated. Proteins help chromosome maintain shape and regulate genes. Each dna has hundreds to thousands of genes that dictate the organism"s inherited traits. Chromatin = dna and proteins that make up chromosome. Chromosomes only condense when the cell is dividing. Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. Centromere = region in chromosomal dna where sister chromatids are most closely attached. Mitosis = division of genetic material in nucleus. Flemming observed chromosome division for the first time. Mitotic spindle = fibers made of microtubules. Kinetochore = specialized protein structure at centromere. Nonkinetochore microtubules interact with those on the opposite side of the spindle. Centrosomes at opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate.

Related Questions

5- Somatic ("body") cells are _______________ (2n). This means there are two copies of each chromosome.

6- During the _______ phase(s) cells perform their everyday functions.

7- When chromosomes are duplicated the two strands are called _______________________________ and they are linked together at a point called the ____________________.

sister strands; kinetochore

sister chromatids; centromere

dual chromatids; centromere

genes; chromatid

8- New somatic âbodyâ cells are formed by this process:

meiosis

binary fission

replication

mitosis

9- The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

10- Cells replicate their DNA during ________________ phase.

byzantiumlion207

1- Most of a cell's life is spend in this phase of the cell cycle:

--------------------

2- The cell cycle is a highly regulated process.

True

False

3- Cells replicate their DNA during ________________ phase.

4- In animal cells, ________________________ is the indentation of the cell's surface that marks cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division.

cleavage furrow

binary fission

cell plate

sister chromatids

5- Somatic ("body") cells are _______________ (2n). This means there are two copies of each chromosome.

6- During the _______ phase(s) cells perform their everyday functions.

7- When chromosomes are duplicated the two strands are called _______________________________ and they are linked together at a point called the ____________________.

sister strands; kinetochore

sister chromatids; centromere

dual chromatids; centromere

genes; chromatid

8- New somatic âbodyâ cells are formed by this process:

meiosis

binary fission

replication

mitosis

9- The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

10- Cells replicate their DNA during ________________ phase.

pucecat917

Match the term with its correct definition or explanation.

Chromatin

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Diploid

Interphase

S Phase

Synapsis

Crossing Over

Cell Plate

Cleavage Furrow

A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

B. The pairing or tight association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Results in the formation of a tetrad.

C. Non-identical copies of the same chromosome. Present in all diploid cells, even before replication. These chromosomes are the same length and contain genes for the same characteristics, but may have different alleles for each gene. D.

The period of the cell cycle that includes G1, S phase, and G2. E. A structure that develops during cytokinesis in plants.

F. Condensed chromosomes.

G. An invagination that develops during cytokinesis in animal cells.

H. When an organism has two copies of every chromosome (2n).

I. Two identical copies of a chromosome. These are only present after DNA replication.

J. The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.

BIOL 2100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5.5, 12.1, 12.2: Spindle Apparatus, Sister Chromatids, Nuclear Membrane

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