ZOOLOGY 651 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Ecosystem Services, Food Security, Unintended Consequences
7 Dec 2016
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Anthropogenic areas as incidental substitutes for original habitat. Gulls as refugee and adopted species evolved in dune fields and coastal marshes associated with river deltas islets were refuge habitats colonies in human-made salinas and ports act as substitution habitats species behaves as adopted species. Most likely contained basic food resources similar to original habitat. Urban areas as substitution habitats urban areas can lead to ecological traps. Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Tscharntke et al 2012 land sparing: land for nature and production should be segregated. Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing combined. Meet rising demand at the least cost to biodiversity land sharing: integrates both objectives on same land land sparing: high-yield farming is combined with protecting natural habitats from conversion to agriculture. Fischer et al 2011 situations exist where both yields and biodiversity are high or where biodiversity depends on agriculture.
