PHTY102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Anatomical Plane, Muscle Atrophy, Physical Therapy
Principles of Passive Movement
•Define the term passive movements
•Differentiate between passive movements and other types of joint movement
•Describe the anatomical planes of joint movement
•Identify and describe the indications for use of passive movements in physiotherapy practice
•Describe how passive movements are performed
•Describe the quart of movement expected when performing passive movements
•Describe the term ‘end feel’
•Describe a normal and abnormal end feel when performing passive movements
•Identify effects and precautions in the use of passive movements in physiotherapy practice
What is passive movement?
Movement of a joint or body segment by a force external to the body, without active, voluntary
muscle contraction by the individual. Passive physiological movement.
What is active movement?
Movement of a joint or body segment produced by active, voluntary muscle contraction by the
individual
What is active assisted movement?
Movement of a joint or body segment whereby an external force is used to assist the active,
voluntary muscle contraction of the individual
Passive accessory joint movement:
Manipulation:
•Specialised technique performed through a few degrees of motion at the end of joint range
•Forceful high velocity thrust in localised area- most commonly spine
Mobilisation:
•Movements that a person cannot perform independently but are necessary for joint movement
•roll, spin, slide/glide
•distraction, compression
Range of joint movement (ROM):
The amount of movement that occurs at a joint/ the amount of motion possible between two bony
levers
Anatomical planes of movement:
1. Frontal/ Coronal- vertical plane that divides the body into front and back- abduction/adduction
2. Sagittal- vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides- flexion/extension
3. Transverse- horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower components- rotation
Indications for use of passive movements:
•To become familiar with joint movement
•To assess an individual’s range of movement when other factors may be preventing active full
range, eg weakness, pain, semi/unconscious, paralysis, poor motor coordination
•Passive movements can be used to gain information about joint integrity, muscle tone (velocity
dependent passive movement), reflexes
•Passive movement cannot - prevent muscle atrophy, increase muscle strength or endurance,
reduce adipose tissue
Levels of evidence for use of passive movements:!
Passive movements have been implemented with the view that they may:
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