BCMB20002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Stop Codon, Start Codon, Covalent Bond

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burgundycicada451

3 Aug 2018

School

University of Melbourne

Department

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Course

BCMB20002

Professor

Terry Mulhern

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Document Summary

Redundant (different codons coding for the same amino acids. Coding in human is the same as the coding in prokaryotic eg. Human have 3 stop codons and one start codon. 20 amino acids: activation of amino acids: the trna is. Initiation: the mrna and the aminoacylated trna bind to the small ribosomal subunit. The large subunit then binds as well: elongation: successive cycles of aminoacyl-trna binding and peptide bond formation occur until ribosome reaches a stop codon, termination: translation stops when a stop codon is encountered. The mrna and protein dissociate and the ribosomal subunits are recycled: protein folding trna. Single strand of rna and wrap back on itself to form double stranded. Important sequence - the nucleic acid and the amino acid sequences translation. Connected by covalent bond to amino acids. Enzyme attaches the appropriate amino acid onto is trna. Dimeric - charging 2 of the same trna at once.

Related Questions

You perform a series of experiments on the synthesis of thepituitary hormone prolactin, which is a single polypeptide chain199 amino acids long. in the first experiment, the mRNA coding forprolactin is translated in a cell free protein synthesizing systemcontaining ribosomes, amino acids, tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases, ATP, GTP and the appropraite initiation, elongationand termination factors. Under these conditions, a polypeptidechain 227 amino acids long is synthesized. In a second experiment,the mRNA is translated in the same cell-free system to which youhave added SRP. In this case, translation stops after a peptideabout 70 amino acids long has been produced. In a third experiment,you ise the same cell free translation system to which you haveadded both SRP and endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and you fingthat the prolactin mRNA no prduces a polypeptide that is 199 aminoacids long. Explain these results. Where would you find thepolypeptide produced in experiment 3?

redcamel210

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

22. What is probably the single most important distinction between bacteria and eukaryotes?

a. transcription

b. the separation of the cell's genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm

c. the existence of ribosomes

d. RNA processing in bacteria

e. antibiotics

23. Which one does NOT characterize an open reading frame (ORF)

a. Uses six reading frames during translation

b. Contains a start codon

c. Contains a stop codon

d. Its length is in multiples of 3 nucleotides

e. It should have the number of codons for a protein or on average ~250 codons in length.

24. Nested intronic genes lie within the non-coding intronic region of a larger gene, and occur in the human genome.

a. True

b. False

25. How would you characterize this statement: EF-Tu will hydrolyze GTP only if the codon:anticodon & tRNA:amino acid matchings are correct

a. Transcription; initiation steps

b. Transcription; termination steps

c. Translation: initiation steps

d. Tanslation: elongation steps

e. Spliceosome

26. Regarding the transcription unit architecture of the Escherichia coli genome, which one is FALSE?

a. Each of the 4,661 transcription units comprised an average of 1.1 modular units.

b. 3,010 transcription units (~65%) are monocistronic.

c. 1,652 transcription units (35%) contain more than one ORF (polycistronic)

d. The largest transcription unit is equivalent to 16 ORFs with numerous introns.

e. 398 transcription units (~9%) are nested within each other in opposite transcriptional orientation

27. Regarding RNA interference (RNAi), which one is FALSE?

a. It is a common and conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells.

b. Originally discovered in bacteria and plant viruses.

c. A form of primitive immunity to protect the genome.

d. Pre microRNA (miRNA) genes have been found in introns.

e. Recent research shows that exogenous plant miRNAs in food can regulate the expression of target genes in mammals.

28. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

a. Recognize the 3âUTR

b. The genes for these enzymes fall into the family of inducible genes

c. The enzymes are imported into the nucleus

d. Covalently attaches an amino acid to the appropriate tRNA. This takes place in the cytoplasm.

e. Forms the peptide bond during protein synthesis

29. What is the process by which complementary RNAs are made from a DNA template?

a. translation

b. transcription

c. protein synthesis

d. transduction

e. transliteration

cyanbee225

BCMB20002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Stop Codon, Start Codon, Covalent Bond

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