NUTR1023 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Food Fortification, Capsicum, Neural Tube Defect
NUTR1023 Health and Fitness Through Diet and Exercise
Summer Semester 2017
Module 5 – Micronutrients (PART 2)
➢ Sodium
o Muscle contraction
o Fluid balance and blood pressure
o Function of nervous system
o Deficiency rare but possible from excessive sweat loss and losses from
vomiting/ diarrhoea
o Excess intake associated with increased blood pressure and higher risk of CVD
o Good food sources - salt, processed foods, breads, cereals, meat, milk
➢ Potassium
o Muscle contraction
o Fluid balance and blood pressure
o Function of nervous system
o Deficiency and toxicity are very rare in healthy individuals
o Higher intakes may blunt the effects of sodium on blood pressure
➢ Iron
o Oxygen transport (haemoglobin)
o Enzyme function
o Iron deficiency more common in women, particularly in athletes
o Fatigue, headache, lethargy, pallor, poor resistance to cold
o Toxicity – haemochromatosis, damage to liver, gastrointestinal symptoms,
infection
➢ Zinc
o Functions – enzyme function, synthesis of neurotransmitters
o Deficiency – growth retardation, skin lesions, reduced taste sensation,
delayed maturation, impaired immune function
o Toxicity – poor absorption of other minerals, impaired immune function
o Food sources – meat, chicken, fish, liver, milk, whole grains
Study Tasks
1. Watch the video Micronutrients and then read pages 53-76 and 127-137 of the
Tapsell textbook before completing the following activities:
• What is the form of vitamin A found in animal foods?
Retinyl esters and retinol, or preformed vitamin A are the form in which it is found
in animal foods
• List the functions of vitamin A in the body.
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Retinol – supports reproduction; major transport and storage form of vitamin A
Retinal – vision, conversion of retinol to retinoic acid
Retinoic acid – regulates cell differentiation, growth and embryonic development
Vitamin A is involved in cell maturation and growth, night and colour vision,
reproduction and immunity
• List foods that are high in carotenoids.
Red, orange, yellow, dark green fruit and vegetables, liver, eggs
• What condition results from a deficiency of thiamin?
Beriberi – damage to the nervous system, heart and other muscles
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome – a combination of cerebral beriberi and psychosis
• List good food sources of thiamin.
Pork, eggs, vegemite and whole grains
• Which micronutrient is lost after exposure to sunlight?
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
• Which amino acid can be converted to niacin?
Tryptophan
• What condition results from a deficiency of niacin?
Pellagra
• List the functions of pyridoxine in the body.
Vital to neurotransmitter and haemoglobin synthesis, also involved as a
coenzyme in protein metabolism
• How long can vitamin B12 be stored in the liver?
Vitamin B12 can be stored in the liver for many years
• Which population group is most at risk of folate deficiency?
At risk groups include; pregnant women and their unborn foetuses, persons on
particular medications such as antiepileptic, antimalarial and antibacterial and
those suffering from alcoholism
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Nutr1023 health and fitness through diet and exercise. Potassium: muscle contraction, fluid balance and blood pressure, function of nervous system, deficiency and toxicity are very rare in healthy individuals, higher intakes may blunt the effects of sodium on blood pressure. Iron: oxygen transport (haemoglobin, enzyme function. Iron deficiency more common in women, particularly in athletes: fatigue, headache, lethargy, pallor, poor resistance to cold, toxicity haemochromatosis, damage to liver, gastrointestinal symptoms, infection. Study tasks: watch the video (cid:858)micronutrients(cid:859) and then read pages 53-76 and 127-137 of the. Retinyl esters and retinol, or preformed vitamin a are the form in which it is found in animal foods: list the functions of vitamin a in the body. Retinol supports reproduction; major transport and storage form of vitamin a. Retinal vision, conversion of retinol to retinoic acid. Retinoic acid regulates cell differentiation, growth and embryonic development.
