PHAR1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Cancer Cell, Angiogenesis, Metastasis
Drug Treatment of Cancer:
Manifestations:
- Local (primary)
- Invasive
- Metastatic (secondary) cancer.
Tumour – any tissue swelling
- Cancer is a malignant tumor
Normal cell growth and survival:
Controlled proliferation, through proliferation signals and growth suppressors.
- Remain in tissue location and rely on tissue blood supply
Lose capacity to replicate – senescence
Die when no longer needed – apoptosis
Cancer cell growth and survival:
Uncontrolled proliferative signaling and evade growth
suppressors.
Invade and metastasize rather than staying in tissue
location
Make own blood supply – angiogenesis
Immortal and resist apoptosis.
Chemotherapy:
Targets the hallmarks of cancer.
Cell proliferation and its controls:
Some normal cells proliferate continuously (bone marrow, skin, gut epithelium)
Some never proliferate after early childhood (neurons).
Cancer cells proliferate hen they shouldn’t.
Normal growth pathway example:
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Controlled proliferation, through proliferation signals and growth suppressors. Remain in tissue location and rely on tissue blood supply. Invade and metastasize rather than staying in tissue location. Some normal cells proliferate continuously (bone marrow, skin, gut epithelium) Growth factor hits receptor adaptor proteins signal other proteins activation of proteins enzymatic. Adding or removing phosphate groups to amino acids common activating or inactivating reactions nucleus. Arises through mutation of gene for growth signaling protein making it permanently active. Signals growth by adding a phosphate group to tyrosine its target proteins. Activating pathways all have brakes to turn off signaling after activation or if the cell is abnormal and shouldn"t reprodu(cid:272)e. Gene mutation renders suppressor inactive or not produced. P53 is a 53,000mw protein that is activated when something goes wrong in dna replication. P53 normally stopes replication, instructs cell to apoptose (self-destruct) Failure of apoptosis allows genetically defective cells to continue replicating.
