BIOL 3P95 Lecture Notes - Circulatory System, Pericardium, Cardiac Output
10 Aug 2014
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Cardiovascular system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood, electrical activity of the heart, cardiac output, blood vessels and pressure. Located within the thorax and rests upon the diaphragm: base broad superior boarder, apex- points down and to the left, about the size of a fist, average size: 13 cm long, p cm wide, average mass: 300g. Covering of the heart: pericardium, double membrane that surrounds the heart. Visceral pericardium: fluid filled, lubricated surface. Heart structure: atria (atrium, 2 superior chambers of the heart, more posterior, auricle. 3 layers: from the outside in, epicardium (visceral pericardium) Serous membrane including capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers. Cardiac muscle tissue separated by connective tissues and including blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers. Muscular contractions that eject blood from the heart chambers: endocardium. Serous membrane including elastic and collagen fibers, blood vessels, and specialized muscle fibers. Protective inner lining of the chambers and valves. 4 chambers: right and left atria (atrium)
