HLSC 2F95 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: External Carotid Artery, Brachiocephalic Artery, Spina Bifida
30 Jan 2017
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Movements, innervation, major arteries/veins of head, neck and trunk. Muscles: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior, erector spinae group (lumborum/thoracic), multifidus, semispinalis, interspinales. Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal, accessory. Filum terminale (terminal thread down to coccyx) Somas of sensory neurons are in the dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal and ventral roots merge to form a spinal nerve. Levels of the spinal cord: cervical: wide, flat cord, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargements, thoracic: less gray matter, intermediate horns, lumbar: round cord, ventral root enlargements, sacral: small round cord, almost no white matter. If it does(cid:374)"t (cid:272)lose it is (cid:272)alled spi(cid:374)a bifida. Each pair of spinal nerves monitor specific sensory regions of the body. Freeze in mid lumbar region for surgery on lower legs. Branching network of intersecting nerves after they have left the cord: cervical (c1-c5, brachial (c4-t1, lumbar (t12-l4, sacral (l4-s4)
