HLSC 2P09 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Glycogenesis, Insulin Resistance, Anabolism
27 Jan 2018
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Document Summary
Endocrine control of metabolism: pancreas sits on the duodenum. Insulin and glucagon: the islets of langerhans are constructed by a, and b cells that have specific functions, b cells secrete insulin and a cells secrete glucagon, these hormones help to regulate glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. Insulin release by the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose. Levels: high carbohydrate meal, increased blood glucose insulin secretion by the pancreas, muscle, adipose and liver cells are the major insulin target cells. Insulin reaches all cells in the body but affects target cells. In target cells insulin causes rapid uptake, storage and use of glucose. Insulin is a small protein: to alter cell function insulin must first bind with the insulin receptor. Insulin action: the insulin receptor, two a and two b subunits, b subunit has a tyrosine kinase activity, auto phosphorylation of the b subunit. Initiation of signalling cascade: phosphorylation of multiple other intracellular enzymes.
