LING 4P27 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cochlea, Speech Perception, Reverberation
15 Jan 2016
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Document Summary
Normal ear hears between 20-20000hz and up to 140db. Ear makes fine discriminations based on minor differences in acoustics (discriminaces for frequency, loudness and timing(temporal)) General range of loudness for speech is 40db. Range for phonetic power of speech sounds is 28 to 56db. /a/ is loudest and /th/ is softest (vowel is loudest bc open mouth and allows for resonance) Speech spectrum is composed of acoustical energy between 50-10000hz. Most of the energy is below 1000hz including suprasegmentals, word stress, emotion cues; due to fo of voice and resulting resonance. Vowels low and mid frequency range (formants); determined by f1 and f2. Consonants less energy overall bc there is more obstruction; voiceless have primarily high frequency energy and voiced low-mid frequency energy. Temporal parameters how long it takes to say a speech sound. Duration of speech sounds ranges from 30-300msec; vowels generally longer than consonants bc they aren"t obstructed.
